Der heutige Stand der Verwaltung der Wälder in Kanada 63 



The Dominion Forest Service, being the most important of all forestry institutions at 

 the Government of the Dominion, is described in particulars. This Service was founded 1899 

 under the name "Dominion Forestry Branch". The main reason for its foundation had been 

 an apparert need of wood. Before this, no systeniatic forestry-work had been done at the 

 administration of the forests through the Crown Lands Commissioners. 



The first tasks put to the newly-established forestry-departments were forest-surveys 

 and fire-protection, lateron tree-planting in the prairie-districts and since the war the direc- 

 tion of the various Institutes for wood-research and division of forest-districts to serve admi- 

 nistration purposes. Since 1925, this department bears the name "Dominion Forest Service". 

 The present worth of this department after giving away the forest administrative activities 

 to the respective authorities in the prairie-provinces and B.C. is as foUows: 



1. Working on practical forestry. 



a. Detailed Statements of the growing stock within the Dominion, in Cooperation 

 with the provincial forestry authorities. 



b. Studies of the secondgrowth and regeneration for the whole of the Dominion. 



c. Special statistic researches, preparation of working-plans, protection of the 

 natural drainage and watersheds, research of humidity-factors as to their 

 favourable infiuence on forest-fires. Taking aerial photographs for the purpose 

 of stock-taking a. s. o. 



2. Direction and administration of the wood-research-institutions at Ottawa, Vancouver, 

 and Montreal. 



3. Fire-protection at the Pettawawa-Station (a larger area for experiments of the 

 Dominion, situated in the province of Ontario). 



4. Collection of all observations on extensive forest-fires. 



5. Solving special problems. 



The Dominion Forest Service has research stations distributed throughout the Dominion for 

 the Performance of their work and duties, comprising, in 1933, a staff of 120 persons (among 

 them 40 academicians). 



2. Province of Ontario. 



The duties and work of the forest-service are twofold, and the execution of the same is 

 entrusted to two distinct departments. One department for the realization, or disposing of 

 the forest products (Lands Administration), and a department for all remaining forest- 

 work, such as forest-protection, forest surveys, reafforestation, etc., the Ontario Forestry 

 Branch (O.F.B.). Each department is superintended by a Deputy Minister of the Department 

 of Lands. 



The Ontario Forestry Branch consists, on the one hand, of the Central board with the 

 Ministry in Toronto with its 4 subdepartm.ents: fire-protection, forest surveys, reafforestation, 

 and forest research; on the other hand, of its staff of officials, comprising the directors 

 and the assistants of the 1 1 districts, into which the northern part of the province is divided 

 for fire-protection purposes. Besides these district foresters, there are 12 permanent Chief 

 rangers, 25 temporary Chief rangers, 114 deputy fire rangers and something like 1000 fire- 

 rangers, look-out men, and others, employed in these districts. The forestry department 

 has a fire control consisting of about 25 land- and water-aeroplanes. Each of the 

 3 Government nursery-gardens is superintended by a forest academician (annual plant- 

 production about 10 mill. trees). 



A Forestry Board was instituted by law in 1926 in the quality of a Council Board. 



The forestry duties devolving upon the Lands Administration consist in leasing 

 timber lands, carrying out Crown tiniber land regulations, collecting all nu)ney involved, 

 etc. Forest officials are employed in the administration of the National Parks, also under 

 its supervision. The other administrative officials, the "Crown timber agents" have undergone 

 a preparatory legal education. They have about 150 scalers and a few forest rangers as 

 their subordinates. 



The very first attempts towards forestry date back as far as 1883; they began with the 

 foundation of the Bureau of Forestry under a superintcndant of woods and forests in the 

 department of agriculture. Its first work consistcd in tree planting Propaganda. But it was 

 not until 1905 with the establishmcnt of the Department of Lands, Mines, and Forests, and 

 with the appointment of a professional forestry expert into said ministry, that the first step 

 was taken towards an effectual cultivation of extensive work under administrative power 

 and guidance. This was followed up, in 1912 with the foundation of the O.F.B., as an in- 

 dependant department under control of a provincial forester. From that time on, the 

 department has developed, and grown, step by step, to its present extent. 



