65 Der heutige Stand der Verwaltung der Wälder in Kanada 



Otlier important agreements were made regarding the use of rivers and lakes for rafting. 

 Tiie earliest law regulating this matter dates back to 1828. The law in force to-day is the 

 Lakes' and Rivers' Improvement Act, dated 1929. According to that act any and every 

 person has an established right to make use of the Government water roads. Taxes may.be 

 levied for the repairing of parts of the water-roads. 



The regulations for the usufruct of the forests are laid down in the Crown Timber Acts 

 and Cutting Timber Regulations. They are set down in schedule form, whereas the special 

 directions at present are given at the conclusion of each single contract. Government retaining 

 possession, and remaining absolute owner of grounds and territory. Government, furthermore, 

 reserves all rights of exhausting subterranean treasure, as also the rights concerning the 

 settlement of farmers and use of water-power. Another item of special importance is contained 

 in the Pulpwood Conservation Act issued in the year 1929, that tries to get preservance in 

 the supplying of wood to be used for pulp. The lieutenant governor is invested with extensive 

 power as regards the regulation of usufruct of the forests. 



The timber-survey by scalers, examined by Government, is regulated by the law of 1911. 



The first proposals made with a view of decreasing the danger of forest-fires date back 

 to the year 1859, in which the then superintendant of woods and forests drew attention to 

 the great danger of forest-fires through the prospectors. The first act to preserve the forest 

 from destruction by fire dates back to the. year 1878. The first decisive steps towards an 

 effective control of forest-fires were, however, not taken until the law was issued in 1885 

 with the introduction of the fire ranger System, by a decree of 1910, which rendered obligatory 

 the Organization of protective means against forest fires on Government territory, by the law 

 of 1913 by which fire-protection in the communities was organized, and by the law issued 

 in 1930, demanding the adoption of measures calculated to prevent forest-fires, and insisting 

 upon a perfect and systematic regulation of the means to secure protection against fire, in 

 districts under supervision of forest-academicians. 



3. Province of Quebec. 



Quebec has issued a set of remarkable laws regulating the preservance of the usufruct 

 of timber (minimum diameter, greatest stump-height, etc. 1931, foundation of a special com- 

 mittee by act to promote the utilization of forest products, directions regarding schemes of 

 usufruct for felling-operations, etc.). 



In contrast to Ontario, the scalers in Quebec are employcd by each concerns separately, 

 and are bound to report, in Heu of oath, the results of their survey to the ministry. Only 

 worked-up timber is allowed to be exported. Afforestations are stocked chiefly on Arbor Day. 

 The earliest afforestation in Canada dates back to the eighties of last Century in Quebec. 



4. Province of B.C. 



Until quite lately, there were 3 different Systems of disposing of wood, the lease-, license-, 

 and hand loggers' license-system. The leasing System has now been abolished. The unsettled 

 State in fixing the prises, charges, and expenses, caused by the rapid development of the 

 timber-trade in B.C. has been regulated by the Timber Royality Act of 1914. Regulations 

 regarding the manner of utilizing the timber were not drawn up until 1912. A summary of 

 all the laws issued up to 1923 is contained in this year's Forest Act. 



5. Province of New Brunswick. 



The forest laws in force for New Brunswick are contained in the Revised Statutes of 

 New Brunswick dated 1927, in the Forest Act, Scalers' Act, Forest Service Act, Forest Fires' 

 Act, and Crown Timber Lands Act. 



6. Province of Nova Scotia. 

 All forest regulations are contained in the Lands and Forests Act of 1928. 



7. Prairie Provinces. 



C. Conclusion. Comparison of the German Forestry with the Canadian, and 



future tasks set to the Canadian forestry. 



The aims and tasks of the German and those of the Canadian forestry differ absolutely 

 from each other. German forestry is dictated by necessity to meet the country's timber re- 

 quirements; Germany Imports timber; whereas Canadian forestry is an export business of 



V 



The legal regulations of forestry are contained in special laws for each province. The 

 authority of the district officials proper is, as a rule, very extensive. The manner in which ♦ 



the Organization of forest-pasture in tht forest reserves is carried out in Manitoba is excellent. 'JM 



^ 



