246 Notes and Illustrations. 
“‘Leaue anker in mud,” ze. drift, and break away from their 
anchorage. 
-14. 3. ‘If great she appereth,” 7c. if seen through a dense 
atmosphere, which causes her to appear much larger, it is an indi- 
cation of approaching rain. The reverse is the case when the 
atmosphere is rare, and the orb of the moon appears small. 
14. 4. “‘Tyde flowing is feared,” etc. ‘The Spaniards think 
that all who die of chronic diseases breathe their last during the 
ebb.”—The Doctor, p. 207. Compare also in David Copperfield, 
“‘ Mr. Barkis going out with the tide.” Tusser, however, seems to 
mean that it was the flow and not the ebb which was dangerous to 
sick persons. 
15. 8. ‘‘ He that fast spendeth must need borrow, 
But when he must pay again, then is all the sorrow.”— 
MS. of 15th cent. in Rel. Antiqua, vol. i. p. 316. 
16. 1. September is the month when the annual labours of agri- 
culture begin their round, and it is therefore, justly, put first in the 
Calendar of farming. Some, indeed, take their bargains from 
Lady-day; but this is by no means so convenient as Michaelmas.—M. 
16. 2. The cff-going tenant of champion or open field, as is 
still customary, allows the in-coming tenant to summer fallow that 
portion of the ground which is destined for wheat. But the occupier 
of woodland or inclosures holds the whole till the expiration of his 
term, unless certain stipulations are made by lease; and without a 
lease, neither the real interest of the tenant nor the landowner can 
be consulted.—M. 
16. 3. ‘‘ Buieng or selling of pig in a poke,’ 
bargain. 
’ 
7.e. making a blind 
“‘A good cochnay coke, 
Though ye loue not to bye the pyg in the poke, 
Yet snatche ye at the poke, that the pyg is in, 
Not for the poke, but the pyg good chepe to wyn.”—Hey- 
wood’s Dialogue (1546), ed. 1562, part ii. cap.9. See also Hazlitt’s 
Handbook of English Proverbs, p. 413. 
17. 1. A gofe is a mow (rick); and the gofe-ladder is for the 
thresher to ascend and descend, in order to throw down the sheaves 
with the assistance of the short prtch-fork, while the long was prob- 
ably for pitching the straw. The s/vaw-fork and rake were to turn 
the straw from off the threshed corn, and the fam and wmg to clean 
it. A cartnave might be required to stand on in this operation. A 
casting shovel, such as maltmen use, enables the farmer to select the 
best and heaviest grain for seed, as they always fly farthest if thrown 
with equal force.—M. 
17. 3. A skep is a small basket or wooden vessel with a handle, 
to fetch corn in and for other purposes.—M. 
17. 4. ‘‘ Aperne is an old provincial pronunciation, adopted from 
a still older xapern or nappern; and Halliwell observes, that nappern 
