250 Notes and Illustrations. 
ployed to scare crows from new sown land. Lear, in his madness, 
says: ‘That fellow handles his bow like a crow-keeper.’ Besides 
lustily whooping, he carries an old gun, from which he cracks a 
little powder, and sometimes puts in a few stones, but seldom hits, 
and still seldomer kills a crow.” Cf. Romeo and Juliet, Act i. sc. 4: 
“Scaring the ladies like a crow-keeper.” 
16. 16. A Marsh Wall is a Sea bank, made with considerable 
slope to sea-ward, which is called a Break or Breck; it is faced with 
Turf which sometimes is worn by the sea, or Holes made in it by 
Crabs, etc. The Foreland is a piece of Land that lies from the 
foot of the Bank to Sea-ward, and must be well look’d after, that 
it wear not away or come too near the Bank (as the Workmen term 
it).—T. R. 
16. 22. A brawner should be kept cool and hard, which en- 
creaseth his shield, as the skin of the shoulder is called.—M. 
16. 23. Measles in hogs are small round globules or pustules 
that lie along the muscles; and are occasioned by uncleanness and 
want of water.—M. 
16. 24. The retting of hemp, as it is called, should be done with 
care. It should be taken out of the water as soon as it begins to 
swim. The smell left by hemp and flax is extremely unpleasant, as 
travellers in the flax districts of the North of Ireland well know. 
16. 28. ‘In time of plenty of mast, our red and fallow deere 
will not let to participat thereof with our hogs, more than our 
nete: yea, our common pultrie also, if they may come vnto them. 
But as this abundance dooth prooue verie pernicious vnto the first, 
so the egs which these latter doo bring foorth (beside blackenesse 
in color and bitternesse of tast,) haue not seldome beene found to 
breed diuerse diseases ynto such persons as haue eaten of the 
same.”—Harrison, Descrip. of Eng. part i. p. 339. 
16. 31. If your dog sets chaunting (crying) these lawless hogs, 
haunting (or frequenting) your fields so often, he does you a benefit. 
16. 34. Shaken timber is such as is full of clefts and cracks. 
BLestowe and stick it, is to Jay the boards neatly on each other, 
with sticks between, to admit the air. 
16. 37. The hook and line is a cord with a hook at its end to 
bind up anything with, and carry it away.—M. 
18. 3. ‘‘ Flaies,” probably a misprint in the edition of 1580 for 
fiatls, which is the reading of the other editions. 
18. 32. Cotgrave has: ‘‘ Hastiveau, a hasting apple or peare ;” 
and ‘‘ Hastivel, as Hastiveau ; or a soon-ripe apple, called the St. 
John’s apple.” Lacroix (Manners, Customs, etc., during the Middle 
Ages, p. 116) mentions “hastiveau, an early sort of pear.” 
18. 48. ‘‘ Vergis and perie.” ‘‘ Verjuice is well known to be the 
juice of Crabs, but it is not so much taken notice of, that for 
strength and flavour it comes little short if not exceeds lime-juice.” 
—T.R. ‘ Verjuice, or green juice, which, with vinegar, formed 
