Notes and Illustrations. 251 
the essential basis of sauces, and is now extracted from a species 
of green grape, which never ripens, was originally the juice of 
sorrel; another sort was extracted by pounding the green blades of 
wheat.’’—Lacroix, Manners, Customs and Dress, during the Middle 
Ages, p. 167. 
18. 51. Make up your hedges with brambles and holly. ‘Set no 
bar”=put no limit, do not leave off planting quicksets while the 
months have an R in their names. See chap. 35, stanza 6, p. 77, 
and note to 19. 33. 
19. 1. Laying up here signifies the first plowing, for Barley it 
is often plow’d, so as that a Ridge-balk in the middle is covered by 
two opposite furrows.—T. R. 
19. 2. By Fallow is understood a Winter-fallow, or bringing 
Ground to a Barley Season.—T. R. 
19. 9. ‘‘Brantham” parish, in Essex, in which Cattiwade is 
situated, and the place where Tusser first commenced farming. 
The average yield of corn in his time was, on each acre well tilled 
and dressed, twenty bushels of wheat, thirty-two of barley, and 
forty of oats and pulse. 
19. 12. Wheat does not thrive well either on very poor or very 
rich land. If the land is peeled or poor, the grain is burnt or steelze, 
and if proud (too heavily manured), the grain is apt to run to straw. 
19. 17. “There grows in several parts of Africa, Asia, and 
America, a kind of corn called Mays, and such as we commonly 
name Zurkey wheat. They make bread of it, which is hard of 
digestion, heavy in the stomach, and does not agree with any but 
such as are of a robust and hail constitution.”—A Treatise on 
Foods, by Mons. L. Lemery, London, 1704, p. 71. 
19. 20. Breadcorne and drinkcorn mean wheat and barley, the first 
being used for the making of bread, the second for malting pur- 
poses. Mr. Peacock, in his Glossary of Manley, etc., has: “ Bread- 
corn, corn to be ground into breadmeal (i.e. flour with only a portion 
of the bran taken out, from which brown bread is made); not to 
be used for finer purposes. It is a common custom of farmers, 
when they engage a bailiff, to give him a certain sum of money per 
annum, and to allow him also his éreadcorn at 40s. per quarter.” 
Cf. Piers Plowman, C. Text, Passus ix. 61: ‘‘A boussel of dred- 
corne.” 
19. 30. Hazlitt gives as a proverb: “To play the devil in the 
bulmong.” An acre of bullimong land was worth 33s. 4d.; see 
57: 39: é 
18. 33. According to Norden (Surveyor’s Dialogue, 1607, p. 239) 
the best mode of making a quickset hedge is as follows: ‘* The 
plants of whitethorne, mixed here and there with oke and ash”; if 
the plants are not easily procured, then ‘‘the berries of the white 
or hawthorne, acornes, ash keyes mixed together, and these wrought 
or wound up in a rope of straw, wil serve, but they will be some- 
