Notes and Illustrations. 253 
excellent and cheap remedy for laxity of the bowels, in men or 
cattle, if judiciously used.—M. 
20. 2. Dr. Mavor suggests that as Tusser is pretty correct in his 
rhymes, he probably wrote Jeas¢y originally. In Pegge’s Forme of 
Cury, 1780, p. 111, are given two recipes for the prevention of 
Restyng in Venisoun. 
20. 16. ‘Stouer.” S/over is the term now applied to the coarser 
hay made of clover and artificial grasses, which is kept for the 
winter feed of cattle. But in Shakespeare’s time the artificial 
grasses were not known in England, and were not introduced till 
about the middle of the seventeenth century. In Cambridgeshire 
I am informed that hay made in this manner is not called ‘‘stover” 
till the seeds have been threshed out. In the sixteenth century the 
word was apparently used to denote any kind of winter fodder 
except grass hay. Compare 
‘“«Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep, 
And flat meads thatch’d with sfover, them to keep.”—Shak- 
spere, Tempest, Act iv. sc. 1; and Drayton, Polyolbion, xxv. 145, 
*« And others from their Carres, are busily about, 
To draw out Sedge and Reed, for Thatch and SvYover fit.” 
“Stover” is enumerated by Ray among the South- and East-Countr 
words as used in Essex, and is to be found in Moor’s Suffolk Words 
and Forby’s Vocabulary of East Anglia. 
21. 1. See note on 12. 4. 
21. 3. In cleaning corn for seed, casting or throwing it with a 
casting shovel (see 17. 1) from one heap to another, in order to select 
the heaviest grains, which will always go farthest, is an excellent 
practice: but in madfng, this is not necessary, as the light grains 
and seeds of weeds may be skimmed off in the cistern.—M. 
21. 5. Wheat is well known to work better in grinding and 
baking after it has undergone a natural heat in the rick or mow. 
Wheat that is threshed early keeps with difficulty.—M. 
21. 10. ‘‘Rauening curres” seem to have been as great a nuisance 
in Tusser’s time as at present, in spite of what Dr. Mavor terms one 
of the ‘‘few patriotic taxes which we have to boast of.” 
21. 12. St. Edmund’s Day (zoth November) may probably be the 
proper time for planting garlic and beans; but why the moon 
should be ‘‘in the wane” we are not informed, though, according 
to Tusser, ‘“‘thereon hangeth a thing.” The moon was formerly 
supposed to extend her power over all nature, and not over the 
tides and weather only. 
21. 13. The farmer who “ looks to thrive ” must “ have an eye,” 
not only to his barn, but also to the cruel habits or tricks of his 
servants ; otherwise he may find his cattle maimed or otherwise 
injured, and his poultry made “‘ to plaie tapple vp taile,” a cant ex- 
pression, meaning to tumble head over heels. Cf. the Scotch 
phrase, ‘‘ coup your creels.” 
