260 Notes and Illustrations. 
transitional stage of adoption from the French. The author of the 
Romaunt writes : 
«‘ And many homely trees there were, 
That peaches, cozwes, and apples bere ; 
Medlers, plummes, peeres, chesteines, 
Cherise, of which many one faine is.” 
It is evident that the English word is a corruption of the French 
cong, which we may trace through the Italian cofogna to Lat. 
cotonium or cydonium malum, the apple of Cydon, a town in Crete.— 
Taylor’s Words and Places. In the Paston Letters, i. 245, occurs 
the word ‘‘chardequeyns,” that is,a preserve made of quinces. See 
also the Babees Book, E.E.T. Soc. ed. Furnivall, p. 152. In the 
ordinances of the household of George, Duke of Clarence, p. 103, 
charequynses occur under the head of spices, their price being 5 
shillings “‘ the boke,” or £ 2 1cs. for 10 Ibs., A.D. 1468. 
34. 20. “ Respis.” In Turner’s Herbal called Raspzs or Raspices, 
the latter of which is apparently a double plural. Probably from 
resp, a word that in the Eastern counties means a shoot, a sucker, ~ 
a young stem, and especially the fruit-bearing stem of raspberries 
(Forby). This name it may owe to the fact that the fruit grows on 
the young shoots of the previous year.” 
34. 21. ‘ Reisons,” most probably currants. ‘‘ Raysouns of Cor- 
aunte.”—Pegge’s Forme of Cury, ed. 1780, p. 16. 
34. 24. ‘‘Seruice trees.” Dr. R.A. Prior, in his Popular Names 
of British Plants, 1870, p. 209, says: ‘‘Service-, or, as in Ph. 
Holland’s Pliny more correctly spelt, Servise-tree, from L. Cervzsza, 
its fruit having from ancient times been used for making a fermented 
liquor, a kind of beer: 
Et pocula leti 
Fermento atque acidis imitantur vitea sorbzs.—Virg. 
Georgics III. 379. Diefenbach remarks (Or. Eur. 102): ‘bisweilen 
bedeutet cervisia einen nicht aus Getreide gebranten Trank;’ and 
Evelyn tells us in his Sylva (ch. xv.), that ‘ale and beer brewed 
with these berries, being ripe, is an incomparable drink.’ The 
Cerevista of the ancients was made from malt, and took its name, 
we are told by Isidore of Seville, from Ceres, Cereris, but this has 
come to be used in a secondary sense without regard to its etymo- 
logical meaning, just as in Balm-fea we use fea in the sense of an 
infusion, without regard to its being properly the name of a different 
plant.” Wild Service, the rowan tree; Pyrus aucuparia, Girt. 
34. 25. “‘ Wallnuts are usually eaten after meales to close up the 
stomach, and help digestion. And according to Avzcen (Can. lib. 
2, cap. 501), recentes sunt meliores stomacho (the newer the 
better for the stomach). Bread or Bisket may be made of the 
meale being dried. The young nuts peeled are preserved, and 
candied for Banquetting stuffe: and being ripe the Kernells may 
be crusted over with sugar, and kept long. Avzcen says (Can. lib. 
