Notes and Illustrations. 273 
height of one or two feet. Its leaves are flat and broad, its flowers 
small. It is nearly allied to Camomile. The variety grown in 
gardens is well known under the name of “ golden feather.” 
43. 10. ‘ Flowerarmor,” evidently the /oramor, Fr. fleur d’ amour, 
from a misconception of its Latin name Amaranthus, as though a 
compound of Amor, love, and anthus, a flower. 
43. 11. “‘ Flower de luce,” the fos delictarum of the Middle Ages. 
Ducange, quoting from the history of the Harcourts, says :— 
“Thomas, Dux Exoniz habet comitatum de Harcourt .... per 
homagium ac reddendum lorem deliciarum apud Castrum de Rouen,” 
etc. (A.D. 1423). Another derivation is as follows :—‘‘ Louis VII. 
dit le Jeune, prit le premier des flewrs de lis, par allusion 4 son nom 
de Loys (comme on Vécrivait alors). On a dit dans ce temps-la 
Fleur de Loys, puis Fleur de Louis, enfin, Fleur de Lis.’ (Grand- 
maison, Dict. Heraldique.) The flower that he chose seems to 
have been a whz¢e one, for Chaucer says : 
‘“‘ His nekke was white as is the flour de lis.” 
In E. K.’s Glossary to Spenser’s Shep. Cal. April, we read ‘“‘ Flower 
delice, that which they use to misterme /'lowre deluce being in the 
Latine called Flos delitiarum.” 
43. 12. According to Lyte the Flower Gentle is identical with 
the Floramor (see above). Various species of Amaranthus, in- 
cluding the Flower amor (43. 10), and what we now call Cedosza 
cristata, or Cockscomb, were included under this name. Parkinson 
(Paradisus, p. 370) says: ‘‘ We have foure or five sorts of Flower- 
gentle to trimme up this our Garden withall.’—Note by Mr. J. 
Britten. 
43. 14. ‘ Gilliflower, formerly spelt gy//ofer and gilofre with the 
0 long, from Fr. gzvoflée, Ital. garvofalo, in Douglas’s Virgil jereflourrs, 
words formed from M. Lat. garoffolum, gariofilum, or, as in Albert 
Magn. (lib. vi. cap. 22), gariofilus, corrupted from Lat. caryophyllum 
=a clove, and referring to the spicy odour of the flower, which 
seems to have been used in flavouring wines to replace the more 
costly clove of India. The name was originally given in India to 
plants of the Pink tribe, especially the carnation, but has in England 
been transferred of late years to several Cruciferous plants. That 
of Chaucer, Spenser, and Shakspere was, as in Italy, Dianthus 
caryophyllus, Linn., that of later writers and gardeners MWatthiola 
and Chetranthus, Linn. Much of the confusion in the names of 
plants has arisen from the vague use of the French terms Giroflée, 
Oerllet, and Violette, which were, all three of them, applied to flowers 
of the Pink tribe, but subsequently extended, and finally restricted 
in English to very different. plants. Gzroflée has become Gilliflower, 
and passed over to the Cruczfere, Oeillet has been restricted to the 
Sweet Willams, and Violette has been appropriated to one of the 
numerous claimants of its name, the genus to which the pansy 
belongs.” —Dr. R. A. Prior. 
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