108 CLOVER CULTURE. 



and has, in some instances, been found on the red, though not 

 yet, we believe, on the alsike. It is described by Prof. Riley 

 in the Report of the Department of Agriculture, 1879, page 

 197. Where it has begun its operations, the eggs will be 

 found on the leaves, on the dividing line in each leaf, and their 

 presence may be suspected when the leaves are folded up. 

 On unfolding these leaves, from one to twenty whitish, pale 

 orange maggots may be found, similar to, but smaller, than 



those of the clover- 

 seed midge, which will 

 be described in Chapter 

 XII. It was first de- 

 scribed by the German 

 entomologist, Dr. Leow. 

 The length of this 

 midge is about .059 of 

 an inch. When ma- 

 tured it forms a white, 

 delicate cocoon, in the 

 THB CLOVER LEA* MIDGE. folded leaflet, inside of 



which may be found the pupa, pale orange in color. The 

 perfect fly is very similar to that of the clover seed midge, the 

 main difference being that the antennae, or feelers, of the leaf 

 midge have fourteen instead of sixteen joints. It is not 

 likely that this will ever become a serious pest, inasmuch as 

 the exposed condition of the eggs leaves them open to many 

 enemies, and renders them especially liable to be infested by 

 parasites. When working on the red clover it will be found 

 m the form of a gall on the undermost leaves. 



A much more serious pest is the clover root borer, (Hylesi- 

 nushifolii), Mueller. This was first noticed in New York in 

 1878, and described by Prof. Riley at some length in the report 

 of the Commissioner of Agriculture for that year. As 

 the name implies, it belongs to an entirely different 'family, and 

 is closely related to the common bark beetle, which is often 

 found under the bark of both evergreen and deciduous trees, 

 deciduous trees being those that shed their leaves in the fall. 

 The illustration on the following page will enable our 

 readers to identify the beetle in three of its stages. In the 

 illustration a represents the affected plant with the maggot 

 'feeding in the root, b the maggot highly magnified, c the 

 pupa, and d the full-grown beetle. The eggs are whitish 

 and oval, the larvae white with oval head and the beetle black 

 and about .08 of an inch in length. The female appears in 

 the spring, bores a hole in the crown of the root, eating out a 

 pretty large cavity, in which she deposits the eggs. These 



