42 CALIFORNIA STATE COMMISSION OF HORTICULTURE. 



marked on the surface. On the denser marginal area the cavities of 

 the cells are filled with a dark brown deposit, and (in very old scales) 

 all the cells may be similarly darkened. 



Early adult female and female of second stage dull pale brownish 

 yellow. 



Mule Puparium (observed in California). Grayish color, but almost 

 colorless; length, 1 to 1.5 mm.; width, from .5 to .8 mm.; very glassy; 

 oval. Dorsum with distinct longitudinal carina and two delicate 

 transverse carinse. 



Winged Male. Orange color, with lighter-colored wings; length of 

 body, exclusive of style, 1.2 mm.; style, A mm.; anal plates, .5 mm. 

 Antennae 10-jointed; the first three joints are short, the second is 

 swollen and pyriform, the fourth is longest and equal to the first three 

 in length; balance of joints gradually diminish in size. Entire length 

 of antennae, .55 mm.; wings, 1.1 mm. Legs slender and about .8 mm. 

 in length. Eyes six in number two anterior compound, two ocelli at 

 sides of head, and two compound eyes at posterior part of head. (B. W. 

 Griffith.) 



On orange, lemon, grape-fruit, olive, peach, prune, plum, apricot, 

 apple, pear, pomegranate, oleander, rose, and many other plants. 



In California the males begin to issue from the pupae the latter part 

 of November. I have male pupae before me now that were collected 

 the first of November last year. 



This^is the "black scale" of the olive and orange, although it has a 

 great range of food plants and is one of the most widely distributed 

 scales of California, being found practically in almost every section. An 

 internal parasite, Scutellitsta cyanea, introduced a few years ago from 

 South Africa, has in many cases completely controlled this pest and is 

 swiftly robbing it of its terror. The ladybird enemy, Rhizobius ventralis, 

 has for many years done excellent work against this pest and in certain 

 favorable localities has held it in subjection. 



Aclerda californiea Ehrh. 



Female. Covered with wax resting on a thin white secretion. Color 

 orange-ferruginous, shiny, varying greatly in size and shape. The 

 average specimens are about 3 mm. long, 1^ mm. wide, arid 1 mm. high; 

 generally pyriform, but it is difficult to give any special form, as the 

 insect adapts itself to the position on the plant. After boiling in 

 KHO derm is colorless, mouth parts, glands, and caudal portion 

 remaining brown. There are indications of antennae, which are very 

 small and very bristly, segmentation not visible. There are four large 

 disk-like spiracles on the ventral surface; each disk contains numerous 



