44 CALIFORNIA STATE COMMISSION OF HORTICULTURE. 



The gland-spines are arranged as follows: 1, 1-2, 1-2, 2, 4-5. The first 

 one is small and blunt. Second row of dorsal gland-orifices represented 



by the anterior group con- 

 sisting of 4-7 orifices. 

 Third row with 79 orifices 

 in anterior and 5-8 in the 

 posterior group. Fourth 

 row with 10-11 orifices in 



FIG. 21. Chionaspis ortholobis. On section ,, . j c r\ ,1 



of willow leaf. the anterior and 5-9 in the 



posterior group. Median 



group of circum genital gland-orifices, 10-25; anterior laterals, 18-35; 

 posterior laterals, 16-24. 



Scale of Male. Length, .6 to .8 mm. Oval, without carinse; exuviae 

 pale brown or almost colorless. 



Eggs. Dark purple in color. 

 On willow. 



Chionaspis pinifolise Fitch. 

 (The Pine-leaf Scale.) 



Scale of Female. Snow-white; with bright orange or brown exuviae, 

 shape depending upon width of leaf or host, but usually broadened 

 posteriorly and very convex. Length, 3 to 4 mm.; length of exuvia 

 about 1 mm. 



Scale of Male. Length, 1 to 1.5 mm. The pale yellow exuvia occu- 

 pies about one third the length of the tricarinate, posteriorly broadened 

 scale. 



Female. Three pairs of well-developed, thin, striate lobes; the median 

 almost circular in outline, entire, separated by about one third their 

 width, slightly diverging at the apex and joined anteriorly by an arched 

 chitinous process. Inner lobule of second and third lobes the larger 

 and subtruncate. The gland-spines are arranged as follows: 1, 1, 1, 1, 

 1-3, becoming shorter toward median lobes. The spines on the ventral 

 surface are short and inconspicuous, situated over mesad of the base of 

 the first, second, third, and fourth gland-spines respectively. Those on 

 the dorsal surface are longer and situated mesad of the corresponding 

 ventral spine. Second row of dorsal pores represented by anterior 

 group of 2-4; third row by 3-5 in anterior and 4-6 in posterior group. 

 Median lobes of circumgenital gland-orifices, 7-13; anterior laterals, 

 12-20; posterior laterals, 14-18. 



The eggs are purplish, ellipsoidal; length, .25 mm. 



On pine and other coniferous trees. 



This species is held in check by an internal chalcid parasite. 



