68 CALIFORNIA STATE COMMISSION OF HORTICULTURE. 



Lepidosaphes erawii Ckll. 



Scale of Female. The female scale is narrow, measures 2^ mm. long 

 and i mm. wide; pale orange yellow; exuviae concolorous. 



Adult Female. Yellow; four groups of ventral glands, caudo-laterals 

 of 3, cephalo-laterals of 4 in a row. Median lobes very large, roundish at 

 the ends, their edges finely serrate. They are closely adjacent at a point 

 at the base, being separated, however, by a pair of small spine-like 

 plates; thence they diverge at nearly a right angle to their rounded 

 ends; thence rapidly sloping, the outward slope longer than the inner, 

 and diverging from it at an angle of about 80 degrees. Next to the 

 outer side of each median lobe is a small spine-like plate, then a sac-like 

 incision, then the small second lobe, shaped much like the last joint of 

 a finger, and in bulk hardly one tenth of a median lobe. Following 

 this is a small sac-like incision, then a pointed projection, then two 

 succular incisions, then after a short interval a spine-like plate, then 

 another sac-like incision, then a long interval of smooth margin, then 

 another sac, then another interval, in the middle of which is a small 

 spine. Below the sac-like incisions are transversely elongate pores. 



The scale is extremely inconspicuous, as it lives beneath the epi- 

 dermis, on the under side of the leaf, along the mid-rib. By this habit, 

 and the large median lobes, it will be readily distinguished from 

 M. grandilobus Maskell, which has the large median lobes; it is known, 

 too, by the entirely different color of the scale, etc. Several of the speci- 

 mens were parasitized. 



On the under side of the leaf beneath the epidermis of Quercus cuspi- 

 datus. 



This species represents one of the smallest members of this destructive 

 family. Its mining habits and size make it extremely difficult to detect. 



Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. 

 (Oyster-shell Scale.) 



Scale of the Female. Mussel shaped, more or less curved, of a pur- 

 plish-brown color, with the exuviae yellowish. Length, one sixteenth 

 of an inch. 



Adult Female. The body is light yellow. The last segment presents 

 the following characteristics: The anterior group of spinnerets consists 

 of from 11 to 17; the anterior laterals and posterior laterals each of 

 16 to 21. The median lobes are. large and wide, with the sides parallel; 

 they are only about three fourths as long as broad. Each lobe is nar- 

 rowed on each side near the distal extremity by one or two notches, 

 and then rounded. The second lobe of each side is about as wide as 



