24: THE HISTORY OF COFFEE. 



which was to keep both priests and people awake. Although 

 the coffee-houses of England take precedence of those of 

 France, yet the latter have more enduringly flourished. 

 On the authority of Oldys, the antiquary, " the first use 

 of coffee in England was known in 1657, when one Edwards, 

 a Turkey merchant, brought from Smyrna to London one 

 Pasqua Kosee, a Ragusan youth, who prepared this drink 

 for him every morning. But the novelty thereof drawing too 

 much company to him, he allowed his said servant, with 

 another of his sons-in-law, to sell it publicly ; and they set up 

 the first coffee-house in London, in St. Michael's Alley, 

 Cornhill. But they separating, Pasqua kept in the house ; and 

 he who had been his partner obtained leave to pitch a tent, 

 and sell the liquor, in St. Michael's Churchyard." Aubrey, in 

 his "Anecdotes," states that the first vender of coffee in 

 London was one Bowman, coachman to a Turkey merchant 

 named Hodges, who was the father-in-law of Edwards, and the 

 partner of Pasqua, who got into difficulties, partly by his not 

 being a freeman, and who left the country. Bowman was not 

 only patronized, but a magnificent contribution of one thousand 

 sixpences was presented to him, wherewith he made great 

 improvements in his coffee-house. Bowman took an appren- 

 tice (Paynter), who learned the mystery of coffee-making, and 

 soon after set up for himself. The coffee-houses, after this, 

 soon became numerous. 



The frequenters of coffee-houses, however, were not then 

 regarded as belonging to the most reputable classes of society, 

 and the proposed substitution of a cup of the Arabian infusion 

 for Canary wine, provoked the opposition of the wits and 

 satirists. The ladies, also, declared against its being thus sold 

 at coffee-houses, from which they were excluded, as being 

 unsocial and uncivil. On the other hand, apologists and 

 advocates were not wanting in their behalf: one of the most 



