LUTHER BURBANK 
It takes time to grow a tree, and it is peculiarly 
fortunate that the would-be fruit grower can se- 
cure almost anywhere an abandoned orchard that 
may almost immediately be restored to a condition 
of productivity. But of course the orchardist who 
wishes to operate on an extensive scale will not 
be content with the renovation of an old orchard, 
however lucrative that process may prove, but will 
wish to produce a new orchard that may lack the 
defects of the old one. 
The ancient tree made over will still retain, in 
such important matters as height and spread of 
limb, the evidence that it really belongs to a past 
generation, however insistently the fruit that its 
grafted branches bear may seem to belie the evi- 
dence. 
But the trees of the new orchard may be trained 
in accordance with modern ideas; and it is not to 
be denied that ideas as to tree pedagogy have 
changed as rapidly in recent years as have the best 
conceptions of human pedagogy. 
Take the very important matter of height of 
tree as a case in point. Not long ago the orchard- 
ist, in developing a young tree, was careful to see 
that it was trained in the nursery so that its lowest 
branches were several feet from the ground. 
But the well-informed orchardist of today 
heads his tree in such a way that the bearing 
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