ON THE APPLE 
might be excused if he supposed these two apples, 
along with numberless other specialized varieties, 
to represent forms as distinct from each other as, 
let us say, blackberries are distinct from rasp- 
berries or oranges from lemons. 
But in reality the status of even the best market 
“varieties” of apples is quite different from this. 
It would scarcely be an exaggeration to say that 
each “variety” of apple manifests the peculiari- 
ties of an individual rather than those of a race. 
We have already had our attention called more 
than once to the fact that the apple, in common 
with most other cultivated fruits, does not breed 
true from the seed. 
It has been pointed out that we could not se- 
cure an orchard of Baldwins by planting the seeds 
of the Baldwin. 
In a word, the fact has been emphasized that 
the conventional and necessary method of propa- 
gating the different varieties of apples is by bud- 
ding or grafting, or by the equivalent method of 
sprouting slips or twigs. And attention has fur- 
thermore been drawn to the fact that this method 
of propagation may be regarded as the division 
of an individual that has the property of restoring 
lost parts and continuing its growth indefinitely 
rather than propagation through a succession of 
generations. 
[179] 
