1536 THE STORY OF THE UNIVERSE 



orders: i. Carnivora (flesh-eating, as the lion, tiger, 

 etc.) ; 2. Ruminantia (animals that chew the cud, as 

 the camel, ox, sheep, and others) ; 3. Pachydermata 

 (thick-skinned, as the elephant, horse, etc.) ; 4. Ro- 

 dentia (gnawing, as the beaver, squirrel, mice, etc.) ; 

 5. Edentata (toothless, as the anteater and arma- 

 dillo) ; 6. Quadrumma (four-handed, as the ape and 

 monkey tribe) ; 7. Cherioptera (having winged arms, 

 as bats) ; 8. Marsupialia (pouched, as the kangaroo 

 and opossum) ; 9. Cetaceae (whales, dolphins, and the 

 various seals) . The last-mentioned of these divisions 

 includes members (and those the largest) of a tribe 

 assigned in popular language to a distinct division of 

 the animal world fishes. But the whale and other 

 creatures of its order possess the distinguishing at- 

 tribute of the mammalia that is, they afford their 

 nutriment from the breast. 



The animals belonging to the ruminating and 

 pachydermatous orders are further distinguished as 

 ungulata, or hoofed, from the well-known charac- 

 teristic of their extremities. The domesticated ani- 

 mals that are used as food by man are almost exclu- 

 sively derived from this class. The animals included 

 within the other orders of mammalia are designated 

 as unguiculata, from their extremities terminating in 

 claws, or nails. 



The invertebrate animals, or those which have no 

 spinal bone, all have white blood. They are scien- 

 tifically divided into molluscous animals, in which 

 the muscles are attached to the skin, with or without 

 the protection of a shell such as snails and slugs; 

 articulated animals, in which the covering of the 



