RACES OF MANKIND 1675 



thick; the jaws (especially the lower one) narrow 

 and projecting; the hair woolly; the palms of the 

 hands and the soles of the feet flat; and the forms 

 of the arms and lower extremities generally clumsy 

 and ungraceful. These attributes, however, are very 

 much modified in the case of some members of the 

 Negro race, and they belong in very various degree 

 to the different Negro nations who inhabit the Afri- 

 can continent. The black skin, woolly hair, thick 

 lips, and elongated skull are the most striking fea- 

 tures of the Negro race. 



Africa, to the south of the desert, is the proper 

 home of the Negro race. Tribes of true Negro 

 stock occupy by far the larger portion of that great 

 continent to the southward of the Senegal, the 

 Niger, the basin of Lake Chad, and the highlands of 

 Abyssinia. The Arabs, however, have penetrated 

 Central Africa within the basins of the Niger and 

 Lake Chad, and have been settled for upward of five 

 centuries upon the coasts of Eastern Africa. 



The Hottentot and Caffre families, who inhabit 

 the extreme south of the African continent, must be 

 classed as sub-varieties of the Negro stock. The 

 epithet negroid is generally applied to these races. 

 But between the Hottentot and Negro types there is 

 a well-marked distinction, and not less so between 

 the Hottentot and the Caffre families. The color of 

 the Hottentot is a dark and yellowish brown; the 

 hair short and frizzled, and distributed over the 

 head in tufts; the stature short. The Caffres are 

 well made and (comparatively to their neighbors of 

 Hottentot race) of muscular frame their limbs of 



