1692 THE STORY OF THE UNIVERSE 



shades of rhythm and tone, the relations of simul- 

 taneous and successive sounds which give the senti- 

 ment of melody and harmony, are appreciated, and 

 furnish us with the first and most natural of the arts 

 music. 



Let us now pass to the bony portion of the human 

 body, and consider first of all the head. The head is 

 shared by two regions, the cranium and the face. 

 The predominance of either of these regions over the 

 other depends upon the development of the organs 

 which belong to each. 



The cranium contains the cerebral mass, that is, 

 the seat of the intellect; the face is occupied by the 

 organs appertaining to the principal senses. In ani- 

 mals, the face greatly exceeds the cranium in extent; 

 the reverse is, however, the case with man. It is but 

 rarely that with him the face assumes importance at 

 the expense of the cranium in other words, that the 

 jaws become elongated, and give to the human face 

 the aspect of a brute. 



There is in the human face an anatomical charac- 

 teristic of greater importance than any taken from 

 the elongation of the cranium; that is, the projec- 

 tion forward, or the uprightness of the jaws. The 

 term prognathism (from *pd t forward, and pd0o?, 

 jaw) is applied to this jutting forward of the teeth 

 and jaws, and orthognathism (from 6p0fc, straight, 

 n0?> jaw) to the latter arrangement. 



It was long admitted that prognathism, or projec- 

 tion of the jaws, was peculiar to the Negro race. But 

 this opinion has been forced to yield to the discovery 

 that projecting jaws exist among people in no way 



