xii Introduction. 



THE VERTEBRATED ANIMALS 



Have a backbone divided into vertebrae or joints, whence they take 

 their name. They have also separate senses for hearing, seeing, tast- 

 ing, smelling, and feeling ; a distinct head, with a mouth opening by 

 two horizontal jaws; a muscular heart, and red blood. The four 

 classes of Vertebra ta and their orders are as follow : 



I. THE MAMMALIA are all furnished with mammae, or teats, through 

 which they give milk to their young, which they bring forth 

 alive. They have warm blood, which all circulates from the 

 heart through the lungs, and returns to the heart before it 

 passes through the body. Their skins are naked, or covered 

 with wool or hair, and their mouths are generally furnished 

 with teeth. There are eleven orders, which are thus distin- 

 guished : 



SECTION I. Ungulculated Animals, or Mammalia having Nails or Claws. 



I. Bimana, or two-handed. This order contains only the human 

 species. 



II. Quadrumana, or four-handed. This order contains the apes, 

 baboons, and monkeys, and the lemurs. 



III. Cheiroptera, the bat family. 



IV. Carnivora, or beasts of prey. This order is divided into the 



following three tribes : 



1 . The Insectivora, consisting of those animals which live upon insects, 



as the hedgehog, the shrew, and the mole. 



2. The Carnivora proper, consisting chiefly of the cat family, including 



lions, tigers, and their allies ; the bear family, including the 

 badger, the coati-mondi, the racoon, &c. ; the dog family, in- 

 cluding the wolf and the fox ; the weasel family ; the civet-cats ; 

 and the hyaena. 



3. The Amphibia, consisting of the seals, and other allied animals. 



