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INTRODUCTION. 



ZOOLOGY is that branch of Natural History which treats of animals, 

 and embraces not only their structure and functions, their habits, in- 

 stincts, and utility, but their names and systematic arrangement. 



Various systems have been proposed by different naturalists for the 

 scientific arrangement of the animal kingdom, but that of Cuvier, with 

 some modifications, is now thought the best, and a sketch of it will be 

 found under the head of the Modern System in this Introduction. . \.s, 

 however, the System of Linnaeus was formerly in general use, and is 

 still often referred to, it has been thought advisable to give a sketch of 

 it first; that the reader may be aware of the difference between the 

 old system and the new one. 



LINN^AN SYSTEM. 



According to the system of Linnaeus, the objects comprehended within 

 the animal kingdom were divided into six classes : Mammalia or Mam- 

 miferous Animals, Birds, Amphibia or Amphibious Animals, Fishes, 

 Insects, and Worms, which were thus distinguished : 



CLASSES. 



f Viviparous I. MAMMALIA. 



w-rt, t* ( HotBlood 1 0viparous II. BIRDS. 



With vertebiaj < , With j m AMPHIBIAt 



j I Cold red Blood .i Withgill * IV. FISH FS. 



* 1 Without vertebra,. .Cold white Blood { g^ * ; $S 



ORDERS OF MAMMALIA. 



The first class, or Mammalia, consists of such animals as produce 

 living offspring, and nourish their young ones with milk supplied 

 from their own bodies ; and it comprises both the quadrupeds and the 

 cetacea. 



This class was divided by Linnaeus into seven Orders : viz. primates, 

 bruta, ferae, glires^ pecora, belluce, and cetacea (this order was calle'd 

 Cete by Linnaeus) or whales. The characteristics of these were 

 founded, for the most part, on the number and arrangement of the 



