OUTSTANDING BIOLOGICAL ADVANCES 27 



(1865), while Robert Koch in 1876 had made a 

 study of the growth of the anthrax bacillus. 



In the early days, the men chiefly concerned in 

 bringing bacteriology into practical use were Pasteur, 

 Koch and Lister all great benefactors to the race. 



Pasteur. The brilliant work of Pasteur (1822- 

 1895), Fig. 6, belongs to all biology. Starting his 

 scientific career as a chemist, he was soon drawn into 

 the investigation of biological problems, and, through 

 his later work, came to be recognized as one of the 

 foremost men of biological history. He left a heritage 

 of priceless value which will make his fame as en- 

 during as that of Aristotle. His supreme service was 

 in applying the results of biological investigation to 

 the benefit of mankind. 



In laying the foundations of micro-parasitology 

 (about 1877), Pasteur opened a subject that over- 

 laps the different conventional division of biology, 

 and his foundations have been built upon by bota- 

 nists, zoologists and physicians. His investigations 

 gave an immense impulse to the study of pathogenic 

 organisms; and while his researches supplied the 

 foundations of scientific medicine, at the same time 

 they opened investigations in the life-history of 

 micro-organisms that have been extensively devel- 



