LINNAEUS AND HIS INFLUENCE 59 



group, into another branch called Vermes. This 

 separation of the four original branches of Cuvier 

 was a movement in the right direction, and was 

 destined to be carried still farther. 



Rudolph Leuckart (Fig. 13), the distinguished 

 zoologist of Leipsic, following the lead of von Siebold 

 made further modifications. He split von Siebold's 

 group of Zoophytes into two distinct kinds of radiated 

 animals: the starfish, sea-urchins, sea-cucumbers, 

 etc., having a spiny skin, he designated Echinoderma; 

 the jelly-fishes, polyps, coral animals, etc., not posses- 

 sing a true body cavity, were also united into a 

 natural group, for which he proposed the name 

 Ccelenterata. 



From all these changes there resulted the seven 

 primary divisions branches, subkingdoms, or 

 phyla which with small modifications are still in 

 use. These are Protozoa, Ccelenterata, Echino- 

 derma, Vermes, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Vertebrata. 

 These seven phyla are not entirely satisfactory and 

 there has resulted from more careful analysis a 

 multiplication of subkingdoms and a redistribution 

 of forms as in the case of the brachiopods, the 

 sponges, the tunicates, etc. 



A tabular view showing the modifications made in 



