CUVIER AND STRUCTURAL ZOOLOGY 67 



recognized the fossil vertebrates of the Paris basin as 

 being the remains of extinct animals, and he founded 

 the science of vertebrate paleontology. Lamarck, 

 whose researches were largely directed to the 

 analysis of the invertebrates, also investigated the 

 fossil remains of these lower animals and founded 

 invertebrate paleontology. 



As we shall see in a future chapter the investigation 

 of fossil remains is a part of zoological study. 



Histology. The structure of organisms presents 

 two phases, that which is discernible to the unaided 

 eye and that revealed only by the microscope. The 

 former is gross anatomy and the latter rninute or 

 microscopic anatomy. The study of the micro- 

 scopic structure of the tissues is so important and 

 offers so many problems, that a new division of struc- 

 tural zoology (comparative anatomy) arose under the 

 name of histology. 



This is the microscopic anatomy of the tissues. 

 The brilliant Bichat (1771-1801) was a pioneer in the 

 investigation of the tissues of animals but histology 

 did not take form until later. The establishment of 

 the cell- theory in 1839 gave a great impetus to this 

 study, and histology in the hands of Goodsir, of Eng- 

 land, Koelliker, of Germany, and Ranvier, of France, 



