ZOOLOGY OF FOSSIL REMAINS 103 



tiary deposits and were christened with the name of 

 Pithecanthropus Erectus. The capacity of the skull, 

 930 cubic centimeters, precludes the conclusion that 

 it belongs to the series of anthropoid apes the 

 largest cranial capacity of apes, living or fossil, not 

 exceeding 600 cubic centimeters. 



The second pre-Neanderthaloid is the perfect 

 lower jaw with all the teeth, discovered in 1907 in 

 the sands of Mauer, near Heidelberg. These de- 

 posits belong to the lower Quarternary, and since the 

 discovery of the Heidelberg jaw it is claimed that 

 Eoliths have been discovered in the same layer. 

 The jaw, while distinctly human as to characteristics 

 of the teeth, is very primitive. The creature to 

 which it belongs has been designated Homo Heidel- 

 bergensis. 



The most recent discovery of pre-human remains 

 comes from England. At Piltdown Common, in 

 Sussex, in 1912, there was unearthed a skull, with 

 parts of the lower jaw and teeth, that fits into the 

 series of the pre-Neanderthaloids. It has been sug- 

 gestively named the dawn man (Eoanthropus Daw- 

 sonii). 



Above the Neanderthal race come the numerous 

 fossil remains of Neolithic man, merging by struc- 



