CHAPTER XI 



MAIN PATHWAYS AND RECENT TENDENCIES 

 OF ZOOLOGY 



AT this point it will be convenient to indicate the 

 chief pathways by which the territory of zoological 

 study has been entered and explored. Broadly 

 speaking, the main highways of zoology are embraced 

 under the following designations: Structural Zoology 

 (Morphology), with its subdivisions comparative 

 anatomy, histology, embryology, and the study of 

 fossil animals; Systematic Zoology (Natural History), 

 comprising classification, ecology (the relation be- 

 tween animals and their surroundings), study of 

 habits and geographical distribution of animals; 

 General Physiology of animals, with animal psychol- 

 ogy and animal behavior; Experimental Zoology, 

 (which is more a method of general application than 

 a subdivision), embracing Genetics, experimental 

 morphology and similar branches; and, Philosophical 

 Zoology, with organic evolution and related topics. 

 In addition there are some miscellaneous divisions of 

 smaller importance. 



To bring these various subdivisions under bird's- 



106 



