RANK OF DIFFERENT NATIONS 183 



work of Francis Galton, the Englishman, was of high 

 quality and received earlier notice, it was over- 

 shadowed by the importance of MendeFs (Austrian) 

 results. 



The encouragement of research in the German 

 universities making results of investigations the 

 basis of recognition and advancement in scholarly 

 occupations has had tremendous influence. The 

 degrees conferred by German universities require the 

 publication of a piece of research as a thesis, and if 

 merely volume of output is considered, the Germans 

 have been leaders but for originality, quality and 

 philosophical insight the French and the English take 

 higher rank. 



Turning from the outstanding advances we shall 

 consider who have been path-breakers in some of the 

 different divisions of zoological science omitting the 

 mention of the living and most recent personalities. 



In Physiology, if the Germans have their Haller 

 and Johannes Muller, so the English have their 

 William Harvey and Burdon-Sanderson and the 

 French their Magendie and Claude Bernard. The 

 latter occupies a unique position. He was the 

 veritable law-giver of experimental physiology. As 

 an investigator probably he was as Howell has said, 



