214 



INDEX 



references to, 200; in physiology, 

 79; as a teacher, 79, 80; makes 

 physiology comparative, 80; one 

 of the ten foremost men, 178; 

 portrait, 80 

 Mutation, the theory of, 159-161 



N 



Naples, biological station at, 118 



National contributions to biologi- 

 cal progress, 181-185 



Nations, rank of in biological prog- 

 ress, 181-185 



Natural history, 52, 56, 106 



Nature, the oneness of, 3 



Natural selection, theory of, 149; 

 Darwin and, 149; illustrations 

 of, 150, 151 



Neanderthal skull, 100 



Nemathelminthes, 88 



Neo-Lamarckism, 147 



Neurology, 122 



Nineteenth century, outstanding 

 biological advances of, 10-42 



Nomenclature in zoology, 52, 53 



Nucleus, discovery of in plants, 10 



Number of animals, 93 



O 



Observation, arrest of, 45; the 

 method of science, 46, 47; the 

 renewal of, 47 



Oceanography, 120 



Oneness of nature, 3 



Organic evolution, isolation a factor 

 of, 162; present status of, 163; 

 theories of, 143-164; Darwin, 

 148; De Vries, 159; Lamarck, 144; 

 Weismann, 154; rival theories, 

 161; supporting, or auxiliary, 161 



Origin of species, 153 

 Orthogenesis, 162 

 Outstanding biological advances 

 of the nineteenth century, 10-42 



Painless surgery, 165-170 



Paleontology, Cuvier founds verte- 

 brate, 67, 178; Cope, and, 96; a 

 division of, zoology, 109; La- 

 marck founds invertebrate, 67; 

 Zittel and, 96 



Parasitology, 117 



Pasteur, 26-32; biographical ref- 

 erences to, 200; one of the ten 

 foremost men, 179; portrait, 28 



Pasteur Institute, the, 31 



Path-breakers of zoology, 183- 

 184 



Pathology, 69 



Philosophical zoology, 115 



Physical basis of inheritance, 41 



Physiology, general, a division of 

 zoology, 80, 82, no; Bernard, 

 81, 82, 178; Harvey, 78; Miiller, 

 79, 178; rise of, 78-83 



Phyla of animals, 85 



Physiological method, 83 



Pithecanthropus erectus, 103 



Platyhelminthes, 88 



Porifera, 87 



Prehistoric, artists, 99; man, 98 



Progress of science, a reconstruc- 

 tive force, 1 86 



Protoplasm, discovery of, 11-16 



Protozoa, 86 



Protozoology, 116, 117 



Quinine, use of in malaria, 134 



