ANALYTICAL SUMMARY, 



CHAPTER I. 



Outline of the work, p. 1 ; definition of the science, 2 ; dependence of national pros. 

 perity on geological position, 3 ; geology connected with mining, 5 ; applied to 

 the discovery of coal, 8 ; in connexion with civil engineering, 10 ; agriculture, 

 10; Artesian wells, 10; in relation to architecture and the fine arts, 12; 

 sculpture, 12 ; painting, 13 ; health, 13; literature, 13; mental discipline of the 

 science, 15 ; EXERCISES, 16. 



CHAPTER II. 



Sketch of the history of the science, 18 ; Xenophanes, 19 ; Aristotle, 19 ; Straho, 19 ; 

 Lucretius, 20; Ovid, 20; his description of various geological phenomena, 21 ; 

 Justin, 22 ; Livy, 22 ; St. Augustin and Tertullian, 23 ; all knowledge of geology 

 lost in the middle ages, 23 ; legend of St. Hilda, 23 ; St. Cuthbert's beads, 24 ; 

 St. Boniface's pennies, 24 ; echinites, 24 ; various superstitions, 25 ; pretended 

 remains of Teutobochus, 26; Homo Diluvii Testis, 26; geologists after the revival 

 of letters, 26; Leonardo da Vinci, 28; Fracastoro, 28 ; Conrad Gessner, 28; Ber- 

 nard Palissy, 30 ; Fabio Colonna, 31 ; Steno, 31 ; Scilla, 32 ; Quirini, 32 ; Vallis- 

 neri, 32; Moro, 32; Marsilli, 33; Donati, 33; Targioni, 33; Arduino, 33; 

 Baldasari, 33 : Soldani, 33 ; controversies of the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- 

 turies, 34 ; Emanuel Swedenborg, 35 ; Werner, insufficient basis of his system, 

 36 ; De Saussure, 37 ; Pallas, 37 ; progress of opinion, 37 ; Dr. Toulmin's Essay 

 on the Antiquity of the World, 37 ; Dr. Hutton and the Plutonian theory, 38 ; 

 William Smith, his labours, 39 ; the Geological Society, 40 ; the British Associa- 

 tion, 41 ; the Silurian and Devonian sandstones, 41 ; deposition of coal, 42 ; 

 erratic blocks, 42 ; the glacial theory, 43 ; EXERCISES, 46. . 



CHAPTER III. 



First lessons in geology, 48 ; harmony of the science with revelation, 48 ; antiquity of 

 the earth, 49 ; question of geological time, 50 ; estimate of, from the reireat of 

 the Falls of Niagara, 51 ; physical geography of our globe little altered during 

 the historic period, 52 ; antiquity of the universe proved by astronomy, 52 ; 

 modern period of the creation of man revealed by Scripture, and confirmed by 

 science, 53 ; origin of the earth, 55 ; various opinions of cosmologists, 55 ; the 

 Nebular theory, 55 ; internal heat of the earth, 57 ; the crust of the earth 

 (Erdrinde], 58; order and succession of rocks, 58; tropical climate of the ancient 

 earth, 59 ; its changes, 60 ; arctic climate, 61 ; extinction of various genera of 

 animals, 62 ; Sir Charles Lyell's summary of causes now in operation by which 

 the earth's surface is slowly changed, 62; EXERCISES, 64. 



CHAPTER IV. 



Qualifications of a geologist, 66 ; the scientific societies, and other advantages afforded 

 by the metropolis, 68; works on geology, 69; collecting fossils, 71; arrange- 

 ment of a cabinet, 71 ; the microscope, 72. 



