MAMMALIA. 



319 



it a pachyderm, allied to tlie tapir and mastodon. A per- 

 fect skull was found at Eppelsheim, and less perfect speci- 

 mens have "been detected in the miocene stages of Erance, 

 Germany, and Switzerland. This remarkable genus lived 

 for a limited time ; it was created about the middle of the 

 tertiary period, and became extinct towards its close. The 

 remains of three species are found in the middle and upper 

 tertiaries of Erance, and in the upper tertiaries of Germany 

 and Switzerland. 



2nd Order. RUMINANTIA. They all subject their food to 

 a complicated process of digestion, and have a compound 

 stomach, with four compartments, for that purpose. They 

 have no incisor teeth in the upper jaw, but only a callous pad 

 instead thereof. Their feet are provided with hoofs. The 

 frontal bone is often armed with horns, which are some- 

 times supported upon a bony axis. The lower jaw has 

 from six to eight incisors. Some have canine teeth, in 

 others they are absent. They have always |:f molars ; the 

 crowns are marked with double crescents, the convexity of 



Jgfc 



FIG. 221. Bos scoticus. 



which is directed inwards in the molars of the upper, and 

 outwards in those of the lower jaw. The feet are termi- 

 nated with two toes ; the metacarpal and the metatarsal 

 bones are soldered, to form a single canon bone. The toes 

 are enveloped in two hoofs, and sometimes there are vestiges 



