320 PALEONTOLOGY. 



of rudimentary toes, that project backwards ; in all the 

 ruminants, with the exception of the Camels and Llama/ 

 $he foot is bisulcate. 



jfst Family. The BOVIDJS (or the oxen, fig. 221) have 

 persistent horns, with an osseous axis covered with a sheath 

 of true horn. The caverns of Brazil contain the extinct genus 

 Leptotherium. In the sub-apennine stage of Europe, Asia, 

 and JSForth America, fossil species of the existing genus Bos 

 are found. Antilope was discovered in the miocene stage of 

 Eppelsheim and Sansan, and, together with Capra, in that 

 which preceded the modern epoch. 



2nd Family. The CERVICES (or the stags, fig. 222) have 

 caducous antlers, destitute of a horny sheath. This family 

 contains several extinct genera, and many fossil species of 

 living genera. 



The Sivatherium formed a connecting link between the 

 ruminants and the pachyderms. The head was armed with 

 horns, and from the inflated arched form of the nasal bones, 

 it is conjectured that it had a proboscis like the elephant. 

 The horns were four in number. Two arose from the 

 frontal bone, between the orbits, and branched outwards ; 

 and two others, probably shorter and more massive, arose 



FIG. 222. Cervus capreolus. 



