MAMMALIA. 341 



and are most nearly allied to the genus CallitJirix, but 

 the extinct species are more than double the stature of any 

 of those which exist at the present day. 



" ]N"ot only, therefore, is the fact of the existence of quad- 

 rumanous mammals, during the tertiary period of the earth's 

 history demonstrated ; but we have evidence that four of 

 the modifications of the quadrumanous type at present 

 recognised, were in being at that remote epoch : that is to 

 say, the tailless ape (Hylobates), the gentle vegetable-feeding 

 semnopithecque, distinguished by its complicated stomach ; 

 the more petulant and omnivorous macacque, and the 

 platyrrhine (Gallithrix). 



" Lastly, we have the interesting fact established, that the 

 Quadrumana were formerly distributed over parts of the 

 earth's surface, which at the present day are so far altered 

 as regards the climate and vegetable productions, as to be 

 unfit for their existence." 



De Blainville described as PitJiecus antiquus, a nearly 

 perfect lower jaw, found by M. Lartet, in the fresh-water 

 strata of the falunian stage at Sansan (Gers.) 43 North 

 latitude. 



M. Lurid discovered in the caverns of Brazil, the bones of 

 extinct species of American genera, with those of an extinct 

 genus, Proto-pitTiecus. So that the structural characters 

 which are found to coincide with the geographical distribu- 

 tion of this order were the same during the tertiary as in 

 the modern epoch." 



10th Order. BIMANA. The remains of fossil animals, an 

 outline of which we have thus imperfectly sketched, are all 

 found embedded in the different stages of the stratified rocks. 



It is, however, otherwise with the bones of Man, which 

 have never been discovered in any of these stages. Human 

 bones have been found in osseous breccias now forming, 

 in the fissures of rocks, in the deep recesses of deserted 

 mines, and in other excavations, or incrusted with depositions 

 from mineral springs, or embedded with the debris of shells 

 and corals in formations now in course of deposition. 



The ancient diluvial caves of both continents contain 

 human bones, as those of Kaestriz in Saxony, Kuhloch and 

 Zalmloch in Franconia ; those of England, Gibraltar, of 

 Trance and Belgium. The alluvial deposits, more or less 



