230 INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL SCIENCE 



cover the cut part with wax, and do not cut the branch until 

 it is needed. Place the other end of the tube, after filling it 

 with cooled boiled water, below the surface of some mercury, 

 in the beaker, and clamp the tube on the ring stand. (After 

 Detmer.) 



6. What happens ? Is the mercury sucked up ? See 

 Experiment 44. Where does the water go to ? What pres- 

 sure is produced ? See Experiment 42. 



c. Place a geranium cutting in the large beaker, which should 

 be three fourths full of moist soil. Cover the soil with olive 

 oil and invert an ordinary table tumbler over the cutting. 

 What do you notice after an hour ? Does this explain (6) ? 



166. BUDS 



Buds are of two classes, leaf and flower. Flower buds are 

 only produced where there is a surplus of plant food beyond 

 that which is necessary to supply the needs of life and growth. 

 Anything which will check growth, without injuring the plant, 

 will cause flower buds, and therefore more fruit. Advantage 

 is taken of this fact where pruning is practiced. 



The bud contains the characteristics of the whole tree, 

 except that which is below the ground ; and therefore we would 

 expect that, if the bud could grow, it would be similar to the 

 rest of the tree. Where grafting is practiced, this is made 

 use of, since the addition of buds to another tree will produce 

 branches which are similar to the bud. This is called budding. 



References : 



1. 1407:80-87. Buds. 



2. 1503 : 100-102. Buds. 



3. 1605:227. Pruning. 



4. 1605:230-233. Pruning. 



