28 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF LIVING TISSUES 



stance, for example 35.5 gm. of chlorine. In the 

 above experiment on the electrolysis of copper 

 sulphate solution, each 31.5 grams of copper 

 moved to the zinc pole requires the passage of 

 exactly 96,500 coulombs. The particles of matter 

 travelling in the solution toward the anode were 

 called by Faraday the anions and those travel- 

 ling toward the cathode were called cations. On 

 reaching the poles the ions give up their electric 

 charge and resume their simple chemical nature. 

 Thus each 31.5 grams of copper ions, on reaching 

 the cathode, gives up 96,500 coulombs of electric- 

 ity and becomes ordinary copper again, and each 

 96 grams of sulphate ions gives up -96,500 cou- 

 lombs and becomes the ordinary radical S0 4 . 

 This radical cannot exist uncombined in water, 

 but forms sulphuric acid. S0 4 + H 2 O = H 2 S0 4 

 f 0. Thus the liquid around the anode becomes 

 acid, and actual measurement has shown that the 

 quantity of sulphuric acid formed at the anode 

 is exactly equivalent to the quantity of copper 

 deposited on the cathode. 



The ions move very slowly. The high vis- 

 cosity or internal friction of the liquid opposes a 

 great resistance to the movement of ions as well 

 as to the osmosis of dissolved substances. To 

 drive 1 gm. of hydrion (OH) through pure water 

 at the rate of 1 cm. per second, a force equal to 



