SPECIES DESCRIBED BY VARIOUS WRITERS. 217 



was understood as bone-canker, bone-tubercle, 

 osteo-sarcoma, etc. 



In man the pulmonary formations tend to 

 break down early, forming fistulae and sinuses, 

 with the clinical character of empyema. In one 

 case there were the symptoms of chronic bronchitis 

 with foetid expectoration. In other cases the dis- 

 ease, originating in the lung, spread to the prse- 

 vertebral tissues. If the actinomyces invade bones, 

 as has been especially observed in the bodies of the 

 vertebrae, caries results. In another group of cases 

 the organism has been said to produce disease of 

 the intestinal canal. The fungus has also been 

 detected in the crypts of the tonsils of healthy pigs, 

 and a similar, if not identical one in the sper- 

 matic duct of the horse.* 



The disease has been transmitted from cattle to 

 cattle by inoculation, f and a rabbit has been in- 

 fected by means of a piece of actinomycitic tumour 

 from a human subject, introduced into the peri- 

 toneal cavity. 



Until quite recently actinomyces has been classed 

 as a hyphomycete, and the flask^ shaped structures 

 regarded as gonidia. By recent J cultivation- 

 experiments we are led to regard the latter as a 

 result of a degenerative stage in the life-history 



* Johne, Bericht uber das Veterindrwesen im Konigreich 

 Such sen fur das Jahr 1884. 



f Johne, Deutsche Zeitschr. cf. 'Jhiermedicin. 1881. 

 % Bostrom, Ueber Actinomycose. Verhandlungen dcs Congresses 

 fur Inn. Med. 1885. 



