72 ATLAS OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



found in the sporulating cells ; they are not stained 

 by Ernst's method, but stain in boiling Loffler's 

 solution. After preliminary treatment of the dried 

 preparation with chromic acid, sodium hyperoxide, 

 or hydrogen hyperoxide, they are best shown by the 



Bacterium pneumonias Bacillus anthracis Streptococcus lanceolatus 

 (Friedlander). (Cohn). (Gamal.). 



FIG. 5. Formation of a Capsule. (Schematic.) 



ordinary spore staining (vide Technical Appendix). 

 The mature spore is produced by the union of several 

 small preliminary stages. 



Bunge explains the controversies by the frequent 

 confusion of the two different varieties of granules. 



Concerning the cell membrane, it is to be noted that 

 often it is not sharply denned on the outside and ap- 

 pears somewhat swollen. In some varieties of bacte- 

 ria (" capsule bacteria" of writers) the thickening of 

 the membrane or of the outer layer of the membrane 

 is so great that the bacterium appears to be surrounded 

 by a veritable mucous envelope or capsule, which is 

 characterized by its slight response to staining with 

 aniline colors. It is an interesting fact that these bac- 

 teria form capsules only when they grow in the ani- 

 mal body or upon special nutrient media, such as fluid 

 blood serum, bronchial mucus, and, according to 



