178 ATLAS OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



(10 : 100) of Bismarck brown for a few minutes, then 

 in absolute alcohol for fifteen to twenty seconds, then 

 in xylol, and finally in Canada balsam. 



4. Botkin maintains that Gram's stain is facilitated 

 by washing in aniline water preparations which have 

 been stained with aniline gentian. The preparations, 

 when taken from the iodine solution, subsequently 

 stand the action of the alcohol very much better. 

 Bacillus oadematis maligni and bacterium pneu- 

 monise Friedlander can be stained in this way. 



5. Kutscher's modification of Gram's method: 



A concentrated solution of gentian violet is made 

 in a mixture of: 



Aniline water 1 part. 



Alcohol 1 " 



Five-per-cent carbolized water 1 " 



This concentrated solution is poured drop by drop 

 into a watch-glassful of water until a shimmering 

 layer forms on the surface. The sections are placed 

 in this for ten to fifteen minutes, are then washed off 

 in distilled water, placed one minute in iodine- 

 potassium iodide, then in alcohol, xylol, and bal- 

 sam. Malignant oedema and symptomatic anthrax 

 can also be stained by this method. 



6. If tubercle bacilli are to be stained in sections 

 we use carbolized fuchsin or aniline gentian solution 

 as in cover-glass staining, but we dispense with the 

 heating and instead allow the staining fluid to act for 

 fifteen to thirty minutes, 



