23 



at the same time, possesses sufficient elasticity to accommodate them- 

 selves to the growth of the trees. Woollen thread possess all the 

 qualities required in a perfect ligature, and is the best material for 

 budding, more especially. As a matter of course the stronger the 

 stocks the firmer should the ligature be. Many plants afford 

 fairly good material from their leaves and bark for ligatures, and 

 for economical reasons they will often have to be used. The ligatures 

 should be allowed to remain in position till the unions betweenj stock 

 and scion are complete, when they must be loosened. 



SECURING GRAFT OR BUD SHOOTS. 



Mode of tying up and 

 securing the graft on 

 a tall standard. 



Mode of tying up several 

 grafts on the 

 stock. 



ASPECT FOR ORCHARDS AND VINEYARDS. 



In the cooler districts, cultivators will do well in selecting a site for 

 an orchard or a vineyard to choose one having an aspect between north 

 and east, when practicable. This aspect gives the full advantage of 

 the early morning sun, which is advantageous to the trees, and lessens 

 the risks from spring frosts. Care in this respect is more particularly 

 required for the more tender trees, such as Oranges and Lemons. As a 

 matter of course, trees may be grown successfully with other aspects, 



