Tree layered with notched branches to facilitate the formation of roots. 



Layer with a ring of bark removed from one branch (A), and a slit in the 

 other (.B) ; either practice facilitates rooting. 



Layer of grape vine with branch entirely covered, making a plant at 

 every joint. Cross marks showing where the young plants should be cut back 

 at the first pruning. 



Cuttings. All fruit trees and shrubs may be propagated by cuttings, 

 and some kinds are commonly raised by this method, such as the Grape, 



