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cool slowly, so that a coating of sugar will cover the fruit. If glazed 

 fruit is required it should be dipped in the same way, but must be 

 cooled quickly. 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUITS. 



The fruit cultivator has to contend against a number of troublesome 

 insects, some of which cause a large amount of injury to trees or crops. 

 These should, as far as is practicable, be kept under by such remedies 

 as are at command, and by adopting this plan the injurious effects of 

 these pests may often be considerably lessened. But though the subject 

 is of such vital importance to fruit-growers, yet, strange to say, only a 

 comparatively small number are acquainted with the habits of these 

 insects, or the remedies that can be adopted against them. In addition 

 to their scientific classification, insects, for practical purposes, are grouped 

 according to the manner in which they attack plants. First Insects 

 destroying foliage, such as the Caterpillars. Second Insects feeding upon 

 the surface of the leaf, bark or fruit, such as the Scale. Third Insects that 

 bore into the fruit, such as the Codlin Moth. Fourth Insects that bore 

 into the stems, branches or roots. Each of these classes will necessarily 

 require a different mode of treatment. In a book like this, the subject 

 can only be lightly treated, and to deal with it thoroughly a perfect work 

 upon entomology would be required. The writer proposes to draw 

 attention to some of the principal of our troublesome insects, though it 

 must be understood he does not profess to deal with the whole of them. 

 This can only be done by the professed entomologist. In this part of 

 the work only those kinds are dealt with that are generally destructive 

 and troublesome to various kinds of fruits. Other insects, such as the 

 Codlin Moth and American Blight, etc., which confine themselves to 

 certain kinds, will be dealt with in treating upon the par- 

 ticular fruits that they prey upon. The descriptions of the 

 insects are necessarily brief, in order that too much space will not be 

 given to the subject. For the same reason, the remedies are given in as 

 concise a form as possible, and only such as have proved effective are 

 recommended. 



Aphides. There are various species of this family, more commonly 

 known as " plant flies " or ' lice," which are injurious to fruit trees. 

 Some are peculiar to particular kinds of trees, while others are more 

 cosmopolitan in their habits, and affect various families. The insects are 

 minute flies, varying in colour from green to brown, black and white. 

 They make their appearance at various seasons, thickly clustering upon 

 the shoots, leaves and flowers, from which they extract the juices, and 

 choke up the pores with their excreta. The most certain and effective 

 remedies are syringing with strong tobacco water or soft-soap and kero- 

 sene. An infusion of the leaves of the Walnut and Elderberry is also a 

 good application. 



Caterpillars. Vaiious sorts of caterpillars are troublesome to fruit- 

 growers, and when in large numbers they often do much damage. 

 These pests feed upon the leaves, flowers, and young fruit, and are 



