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too well-known and very troublesome fungus, that often causes great 

 injury to stone fruit trees, and more particularly the Apricot. The 

 fungus affects both the leaves and the fruit, and the former have the 

 appearance of being riddled by shot, hence the common name. It is 

 somewhat difficult to keep under, and this can only be done by constant 

 attention. Remedies: Spraying with (1) Bordeaux Mixture, (2) Eau_ 

 Celeste, (3) Ammonia Carbonate of Copper. Each will be found fairly 

 effective. They should be used by several applications, and the first one 

 ought to be given just as the leaf buds are beginning to swell. When 

 the leaves are about half grown a second spraying may be given, and 

 further applications every two or three weeks, as may be necessary. 

 Care should be taken to use the same preparation through the season. 

 Though there appears to be no absolute cure for this fungus, yet by the 

 judicious application of the remedies named its injurious effects may be 

 materially reduced. 



DISEASES INJURIOUS TO FRUITS. 



Canker. Fruit trees often suffer from various diseases, in addition to 

 the attacks of insects and fungi. One of the most destructive of these 

 diseases is what is rather vaguely known as " Canker," which unfor- 

 tunately is widely spread in this part of the world. The disease is 

 somewhat variable in form, and affects trees in different ways ; but the 

 effects are always injurious. Canker may be confined to a particular 

 branch, or may affect a tree generally, and sometimes it makes its 

 appearance on the stems or roots. This disease may be caused by 

 various means, and is very difficult to prevent or cure. One of the 

 principal causes is lack of proper drainage and deleterious matter in 

 the soil, as under such conditions there is a derangement in the 

 circulation of the sap. Excessive growth may cause canker, and more 

 especially if it is prolonged till much later than the proper period. 

 Consequently, when water is used too freely, by means of irrigation or 

 otherwise, this disease is not unlikely to make its appearance. Gross 

 shoots that have not ripened their wood properly before the appearance 

 of frosts are liable to injury in the form of a variety of canker. An 

 over-supply of manure may also cause the disease to make its 

 appearance. Possibly, the most common cause of canker in this part of 

 the world is the extremes of dryness and moisture that the trees 

 experience. During a severe drought, when the soil is exhausted of its 

 moisture, the roots are dried up, and the sap flows slowly, while the 

 bark shrinks more or less. When rain sets in the trees are suddenly 

 flushed with sap, the circulation is active, the cells are often ruptured, 

 and canker follows. The disease may be also caused by the scorching of 

 the bark of the stems by the sun, and more especially in the case of 

 young trees. When the scorching takes place the temperature of the 

 sap is raised to a considerable extent, and the circulation is materially 

 affected. To avoid this risk the stems of young trees should be 

 invariably protected from the sun till their heads are large 

 enough to afford a sufficient shade. Canker is sometimes caused 



