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There are various kinds of fungi that cause the trouble, some confining 

 themselves to particular plants or families, while others take a wider 

 range. In most cases these parasites attack plants that are wanting in 

 vigour from some cause, in preference to those that are robust and 

 healthy. Sometimes, however, they attack trees that are perfectly 

 healthy. The effects of root rot are very injurious, and if unchecked 

 the affected plants must sooner or later perish. The disease is ratHer" 

 difficult to cure and ordinary remedies are somewhat uncertain in their 

 action. One remedy is to carefully amputate all diseased pieces of roots 

 before the malady has obtained a strong hold. When plants are badly 

 affected the better plan is to root them up altogether. But even after 

 the plants are removed it must be remembered that fungus germs may 

 remain in the soil, and affect trees that have replaced those destroyed. 

 Therefore, before replanting, it will be advisable to adopt any practicable 

 means of destroying the germs of fungi. In the case of small fruits, 

 such as Strawberries and Raspberries, which are prone to the attacks of 

 root fungi, affected plantations should be entirely destroyed, and the 

 land not used again for the same purpose for at least three or four 

 years. It will also be advisable, when orchard trees have suffered from 

 this disease, not to replant land if there are reasonable grounds for 

 believing that it contains fungus germs. 



Sunburn. This complaint, known also under the terms of 

 " Sunstroke" and " Scalding," causes a considerable amount of damage in 

 this part of the world, and more particularly in the case of young treep. 

 It occurs on very hot days, when there is little wind stirring, and the 

 full power of the sun falls on the bark of the trees. The effects may be 

 noticed by patches of discoloured bark on the northern or sunny side of 

 the trees. Very frequently in the case of young trees the bark is 

 discoloured in a regular strip on the exposed sides. As to what extent 

 this scorching affects the constitutions of the trees is not known with 

 certainty, but it is reasonable to suppose that the abnormal excitement 

 of the sap, which must necessarily take place, will prove injurious. 

 Sometimes the burning is so severe that the affected bark is actually 

 killed, and even the wood is often injured ; and such results are 

 undoubtedly very injurious to the trees. Then, again, it must be 

 remembered that dead or ruptured patches of bark afford harbour for 

 the germs of insect and fungoid parasites. Many thousands of young 

 trees in this part of the world are seriously, and sometimes fatally, 

 injured from the effects of sunburn. In order to prevent injury it is 

 advisable to keep the heads of trees low, and to arrange growth, as far 

 as may be practicable, so that the wood will be effectively shaded by the 

 foliage. When the heads of the trees are not large enough to afford 

 the necessary shade, the stems should be protected by covering them 

 during the hot weather. Strips of bark from small saplings make 

 excellent coverings, and they have the additional advantages of being 

 easily obtained in most localities, and they require no tying. Wrap- 

 pings of canvas, straw or other materials may be used if most convenient. 

 Care, however, must be taken to remove the wrappings in the autumn, 

 when the sun has lost some of its scorching power, as it is essential that 



