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caution. Apply it by making small holes round the affected trees ; and 

 into each of these pour about half a wine-glass of the material. Being 

 very volatile, the holes must be firmly covered up immediately, and the 

 insecticide kept in tightly-corked vessels. It is a very cheap remedy, 

 and this is a recommendation. 



Bluestone (Sulphate of Copper). This material is used in several 

 compound mixtures, as follows : Bluestone and Ammonia, dissolve 1 lb. 

 of bluestone in a gallon of warm water, then add 1J pints of ammonia 

 and 20 gallons of water. Useful as a spray for Mildews, Rusts and the 

 softer insects. Bluestone and Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda), 

 dissolve 2 Ibs. of bluestone in a gallon of water, and the same quantity 

 of sodium carbonate, in separate vessels. Then add 1 J pints of ammonia 

 and 30 gallons of water. Use as a fine spray. Useful specially for 

 Fusicladium or Scab Fungi ; also for Mildews, Busts and the softer 

 insects. 



Bordeaux Mixture. Bluestone, 5 Ibs., dissolved in 4 gallons of warm 

 water ; fresh slaked lime, 3 Ibs., dissolved in 3 gallons of warm water. 

 When cold, pour the lime-water into the bluestone solution, and 

 thoroughly mix the ingredients. Add 20 gallons of water, and use in the 

 form of a fine spray ; or may be dried without adding water, and used as 

 a powder. Useful for vine and some other Mildews, Fusicladiums, Peach 

 Rust, Black Spot on vines, and is also serviceable in dealing with some 

 of the troublesome plant insects. If the arsenical product called 

 " London Purple," which is obtained in the manufacture of aniline dyes, 

 is added at the rate of 1 lb. to 100 gallons of the Bordeaux Mixture, the 

 latter will be a still more effective application against insects. 



Carbolic Acid Emulsion. A useful mixture used as a wash for bark 

 Scales and Borers. It consists of one part carbolic acid to seven parts 

 of a solution made of one pound of soap dissolved in two gallons of water. 



Caustic Soda and Potash. One pound of concentrated lye, the same 

 quantity of caustic soda, and half-a-pound of commercial potash. 

 Dissolve in six gallons of water. This is an excellent wash for 

 deciduous trees in the winter, as it materially assists in destroying 

 insect and fungoid germs. 



Eau Celeste. This consists of lib. sulphate of copper, 1J pints of 

 ammonia, and 22 gallons of water. Dissolve the sulphate in 2 gallons 

 of hot water, then add the ammonia, and afterwards the remainder of 

 the water. Considered a good remedy for Black Spot in vines and 

 various Mildews. Use as a fine spray. 



Eau Orison. This is a popular remedy in some parts of Europe for 

 various kinds of Mildew. It is made by mixing 31bs. of lime, the same 

 quantity of sulphur, and 6 gallons of water, and boiling till reduced to 

 2 gallons. When used dilute with 100 parts of water. Use as a fine 

 spray. 



Elder-leaf Water. An infusion of the leaves of the Elder (Sam- 

 bucus) is a powerful, useful and excellent insecticide, that should be 

 generally used. It is very effective for any kind of Aphis, Thrips and 

 Red Spider. Take leaves fresh from the tree and pour over about 

 twice their bulk of boiling water, covering the vessel to keep the steam 



