124 



Scale. Several of the 

 insects known under 

 this name are more or 

 less injurious to Apple 

 trees, but the one most 

 to be dreaded is the 

 Apple Mussel Scale 

 (Aspidiotis) t vrhic}i is un- 

 fortunately very widely 

 distributed throughout 

 Australasia, For treat- 

 ment see page 85. 



FUNGI. 



The Apple, like other 

 fruits, suffers a good 

 deal from the attacks of 

 fungi, which embrace 

 several species, though 

 the majority of cultiva- 

 tors are unconscious of 

 many of these enemies. 



Apple Scab or Black 

 Spot (Fusicladium den- 

 driticum). This is the 

 most widely-spread and 

 best-known of fungi that 

 attacks the Apple, and 

 a troublesome one to deal 

 with. It causes great 

 damage to the fruit, 

 which is marked with 

 unsightly scabs and 

 cracks that materially 

 injure its appearance, if 

 it is not absolutely des- 

 troyed. When attacked 

 while small the young 

 Apples either drop off 

 the trees, or they crack 

 and shrivel up so as to 

 be useless. If attacked 

 at a more advanced stage 

 of growth the Apples 

 may reach maturity, but 

 they will carry unsightly 

 scars. Sometimes the 

 scabs will cause one side 



AMERICAN ENEMIES OF THE CODLIN MOTH. 



Pimpla annulipes (greatly magnified). 



Macrocentrus delicatus (greatly magnified). 



