45 



the practice, which is general in some parts of Europe, of making small 

 fires that will give a dense smoke, in various parts of a vineyard. These- 

 fires will not be required regularly, but need only be kindled on nights 

 when danger from frost is apprehended. By adopting this plan losses of 

 crops will often be avoided, and the extra labour entailed will simply be 

 an insurance charge. In the cooler regions of Australia, and to a large 

 extent in New Zealand and Tasmania, where frosts are more severe, 

 Grape Vines must be effectively protected, or otherwise the crops wilj^ 

 necessarily be uncertain. Vines may be effectively protected in these; 



MIXED PRUNING. 



Vine before Pruning 



Vine after Pruning. 



