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immature fruit of the Seville Orange. The unripe fruit is also preserved 

 in syrup and crystallized, and used as a sweetmeat. In speaking of these 

 products it may be observed that the different varieties of the Sweet 

 Orange and the other species of Citrus contain the same properties, but 

 in a lesser degree, and will yield the same extracts, but in smaller 

 quantities There is no reason why the manufacture of Orange marma- 

 lade should not prove a profitable industry in Australasia, and growers 

 would do well to turn their attention in this direction. It is quite _ 

 possible, also, that the Bitter Orange might be profitably cultivated for 

 perfumery purposes, and it would certainly be worth trying. The Lemon 

 is utilized in various ways, and is a very serviceable fruit. Its juice 

 contains a large proportion of citric acid, and, when diluted with water, 

 makes an agreeable and refreshing beverage. Lemon juice is in large 

 demand for cooling and effervescing drinks, and is used to a great extent 

 under the: name of " Lime Juice," as also in the manufacture of citric 

 acid. The peel is also dried and preserved in sugar, and by distillation 

 yields what is known as Oil of Lemon or Essence of Lemon. The Lime 

 has similar uses in every respect to the Lemon. The Bergamot is by 

 some authorities regarded as a species, but others consider it to be merely 

 a form of the Lime. A volatile oil, called Oil of Bergamot, is extracted 

 from the rind, and, according to Professor Balfour, is obtained in the 

 proportion of two and a-half ounces from a hundred fruits. The Citron 

 may be used for the same purposes as the Lemon, though the juice is less 

 acid. It is used to some extent for marmalade and candied peel. From 

 the rind an extract called Oil of Citron is obtained. The flowers are 

 very strongly scented, and may, therefore, be used with advantage for 

 perfumery. The Sweet Lemon may be used lor marmalade and candied 

 peel, but it is inferior to other species. The Shaddock makes a fairly 

 good preserve, both pulp and rind being used. Medicinally the Orange 

 and other fruits of the Citrus family are of great value. The fruit of the 

 Orange is wholesome, nourishing, and helps to purify the blood. The 

 juice of the Lemon, Lime, and Qitron has a great effect upon the blood, 

 and is a preventative and remedy for scurvy and other skin diseases. It 

 is an excellent remedy and preventative for gout and rheumatism, and 

 also for malarial fever, ague, and other complaints, The dried peel of all 

 the species of Citrus is a mild tonic and carminative, and may be used 

 with advantage for some diseases. The wood of the Orange is hard, 

 tough, fine-grained, and takes an excellent polish. In Europe and 

 Western Asia it is used by turners and for fine cabinet work. 



HARDINESS AND LONGEVITY, 



When the climate and soil are not absolutely uncongenial there ought 

 to be no great difficulty in cultivating the Orange successfully, provided 

 that its wants are duly attended to. Trees of this family are not as 

 delicate as is generally supposed, and they may be profitably cultivated 

 under various conditions of soil and climate. They will stand a consi- 

 derable amount of heat and some degrees of frost with impunity, provided 

 that their particular requirements receive due attention. When carefully 



