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however, that though autumn planting is advocated, when practicable, for 

 the reasons named, it is essential that the trees are in a fitting condition 

 for shifting. As a matter of fact, very frequently the summer growth 

 does not mature early enough for the trees to be shifted in the autumn. 

 Under such circumstances cultivators must necessarily wait till a later 

 period. In shifting trees of the Orange family the greatest care should 

 be taken not to injure or lessen the number of roots more than can be 

 avoided, as the plants require all their feeders in making a new start. 

 Care must also be taken not to expose the roots to a dry atmosphere, and 

 they should be effectively protected from the time they are lifted till 

 they are planted. As soon as each plant is taken up cover the roots so 

 as to prevent them from being injured by either sun or wind, as they are 

 rather delicate and very susceptible to injury from these causes, and if 

 allowed to get dry the plants will be almost sure to lose their foliage, and 

 very likely die altogether. Uncover the roots of each plant singly as 

 soon as the hole is made ready for its reception, then put it in its place, 

 and cover up the roots as expeditiously as possible. Be careful in 

 planting to spread out the roots in every direction, and see that none of 

 them are tangled or doubled up. When any of them are bruised or 

 injured they must be removed with a clean cut or they will rot and 

 perhaps canker the others. Care must also be taken not to plant the 

 trees too deep. If possible a moist or dull day should be chosen for 

 planting trees of this family , as less care is then required. After planting 

 give the trees a good watering over the tops, and afterwards occasionally, 

 according to the state of the weather. Some difference of opinion exists 

 among practical men as to the advisability of cutting back the heads of 

 newly -planted trees. According to the writer's experience, the cutting 

 back of the branches must be determined by the quantity and condition 

 of the roots. If the plants have suffered severely in loss of roots by 

 removal the heads should be reduced in proportion. On the other hand, 

 if the roots are nearly perfect the trees will require but little in the way 

 of heading back. Young trees will have a much better chance if shel- 

 tered from the effects of cold drying winds for a few months till they get 

 thoroughly established. Though giving shelter requires some extra 

 labour, yet cultivators will be more than repaid by the lessened risk with 

 their trees. In planting trees of the Citrus family many people commit 

 the great mistake of placing them too close to each other. Most kinds of 

 Oranges will require for free development a space of at least twenty-four 

 feet from tree to tree. The Mandarin section, however, being less robust 

 in habit than the other kinds, may be planted from fifteen to eighteen 

 feet apart, according to the growth of the variety, Lisbon Lemons, 

 Limes, and Citrons may be planted about eighteen feet apart, as they are 

 less robust in habit than most of the varieties of Oranges. While the 

 trees are young the spaces between may be utilized for growing Peaches 

 and other fruits or vegetables But care must be taken that they do not 

 interfere with the growth of the Citrus family. 



SUPPLYING THE TREES WITH NUTRIMENT. 

 Trees of the Orange family cannot thrive unless they have a regular 



