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less risk than it* growing upon other stocks. It is also claimed for the 

 Rough Lemon that it will stand drought better than other stocks, and be 

 least affected by wet soils. American authorities in California and 

 Florida are mostly in favour of the Bitter, or Seville, Orange as a stock 

 on the ground that it is not affected by the " Collar Rot." It is, however, 

 somewhat doubtful whether this stock is really proof against the disease 

 as supposed. Many years ago, to the writer's own knowledge, the Bitter 

 Orange was strongly recommended in New South Wales as a stocE~by 

 high authorities, and many cultivators made use of it. After many 

 years' trial, however, the results have not equalled the high expectations, 

 and many experienced cultivators have arrived at the conclusion that as 

 a stock the Bitter Orange gives no advantage over the Rough Lemon. 

 There is no reason, however, why both the Sweet and the Bitter Orange 

 should not be widely used as stocks, as both yield robust and long- 

 lived trees. The closer the affinity between stock and scion the more 

 vigorous and durable is the tree likely to be in the opinion of the 

 writer, and, consequently, the Orange should receive more attention for 

 stocks. Citri's trifoliate has of late years received some attention as a 

 stock for the Sweet Orange, and appears to have given satisfaction to 

 many who have tried it. This stock is hardy, shifts well, and is said to 

 be little affected by disease. It has a dwarfing tendency, and may, 

 therefore, prove serviceable for the Mandarin section and other small- 

 growing kinds. 



INJURIOUS INSECTS. 



The Citrus family, like most other fruits, is liable to the attacks of 

 various insects, which often cause much trouble and loss to cultivators. 

 When any of these pests make their appearance, efforts, as a matter of 

 course, should be promptly made to check or destroy them. Apply the 

 most effective remedies in the best possible ways, and a great deal can be 

 done by cultivators to mitigate the evils, if they are not actually 

 eradicated. But in addition to applying the various insecticides, care 

 should be taken, as far as is practicable, to remove causes that may 

 predispose trees to the attacks of insects, fungi, or disease. When such 

 causes are allowed to remain, though evils may be combatted to some 

 extent, yet the trees will always be ready subjects for fresh attacks. If 

 the trees are well cared for, and due provision made for their various 

 requirements, they will be far less liable to be attacked by some insects, 

 fungi, or disease. Healthy vigorous trees are comparatively free from 

 the attacks of many pests, but when, through any cause, their growth is 

 interfered with, various insects and fungi soon make their appearance. 

 Prepare and drain the ground thoroughly, plant healthy trees in a proper 

 manner, feed the trees according to their requirements, give the necessary 

 shelter, mulch before the hot weather sets in, and trees of the Citrus 

 family will suffer far less from insect and other pests than if carelessly 

 cultivated. 



The insects that are injurious to the Citrus family are somewhat 

 numerous, and, as a matter of course, each class must be treated with 



