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similar to, if not identical with, the Lemon Scale. -Red Scale Aspidiotus 

 cwineiis. (Aspidiotu* imrcwtii, Aonidia HHrcwtn). This is one of the 

 most destructive and widely distributed of the Scale insects. It is 

 indigenous to the south of Europe, but is now widely distributed in 

 Australasia and America. The insect is in colour a reddish-brown, and 

 comparatively small in size. It attacks indiscriminately the trunk, 

 branches, leaves, and fruit, and multiplies with great rapidity. If not 

 kept under by prompt treatment as soon as it is discovered, this pest will 

 cause serious injury to the trees that are attacked by it. Soft Orange 

 Scale (Lecaninm hesperidum). This is a troublesome species in some 

 localities, but it is not so widely distributed as many of the other Scale 

 insects. It is comparatively large, light brown in colour, and the insects 

 are generally grouped in bunches. White, or Oleander, Scale (Aspidiotw 

 neri i}. This insect specially affects the Oleander, and hence one of its 

 common names. It also attacks the Olive, and very often trees of the 

 Citrus family. Various other fruits, as also many ornamental trees and 

 shrubs, are liable to its attacks. It is in colour pale brown, of medium 

 size, and in shape nearly circular. The insects attack all parts of the tree 

 indiscriminately, and the fruit more especially. They affect Lemons- 

 perhaps more than Oranges, and when the fruit is infested it is often 

 seriously injured in quality. Woolly, or Fluted, Scale (Icert/a Purchasi). 

 This insect, which also passes under the name of Cottony-cushion 

 Scale, is supposed to be indigenous to Australia, and is found upon 

 various native trees and shrubs. It is certainly one of the worst of the 

 Scale insects, as it increases with great rapidity, and is very voracious. 

 The insect has developed a strong predilection for trees of the Citrus- 

 family, and is often very destructive. This insect is comparatively large 

 and long, the upper side being somewhat in the form of a cushion. It is 

 covered thickly with a white woolly or cottony substance which has a 

 fluted appearance, and hence the common names. 



Scale insects of all kinds are injurious to the trees they attack, but, as- 

 a matter of course, some are far more injurious than others. They feed 

 upon the juices of the plant, and, when in large numbers, must, as a 

 matter of course, lessen the vigour of the trees. Their effect upon the 

 foliage can be clearly seen by the pale blotches that surround the insects, 

 which contrast with the darker green of the leaves. When the fruit is. 

 attacked badly it generally becomes paler in colour, and often has a 

 shrivelled and unwholesome appearance. Very often when the insects 

 are numerous at the base near to the stalk, the fruit drops from the tree 

 prematurely. Scale insects, by means of their excreta, or Honey -dew so- 

 called, are also the main cause of what is known as the Sooty Blight or 

 Soot Fungus which so often makes its appearance upon trees of the 

 Citrus family. Many people are under the impression that ants are the 

 main cause of the sooty appearance because they are often seen in large 

 numbers upon affected trees This is not so, however, as the ants are 

 really useful scavengers who assist in clearing the trees of other insects. 

 Remedies : I. Kerosene Emulsion is regarded as one of the best remedies 

 for the Scale insects. It should be used as a spray, and applied in the 

 evenings. 2. Resin Compound. This preparation, used as a fine spray,. 



