cases the attacks of these vegetable parasites are made upon trees tliat r 

 from other causes, are in an unhealthy condition, or those that have been 

 injured locally. There are in fact, always predisposing causes to bring 

 on the attacks of many kinds of fungi. 



Mildew. Mildew in various forms will sometimes be found upon roots- 

 that have been damaged by careless cultivation. These fungi will also 

 often attack the roots of trees that have become inactive for any length of 

 time through the dryness of the soil, or when standing in soddened 

 ground. Mildew fungi will sometimes appear above ground upon 

 diseased wood arising from sunburn, canker, or injury to the bark. They 

 also generally accompany the Collar Rot. The best remedies for this, 

 class of fungi are lime and sulphur, either singly or in combination dusted 

 or painted over the affected parts. 



Fusicladiums. This class of fungi, commonly known as " Scab," very 

 often affects Citrus fruits. They make their appearance both upon the 

 leaves and fruit in the form of small dark dots, and often in patches, 

 which have the appearance of scabs. Fruit attacked with this fungi are 

 rendered more or less worthless. Remedies : J . Ammoniacal solution of 

 Copper Carbonate. 2. Bluestone and Sodium Carbonate. 3. Bordeaux 

 Mixture. 4. Eau Celeste. 5. Soap and Sulphur. 6. Sulphate of Iron. 

 Each of these remedies is fairly effective if used as fine sprays in the 

 evenings, but only when the foliage is dry. It will be advisable to spray 

 the affected trees several times at intervals of two or three weeks, and the 

 same remedy should be used throughout. Full directions for preparing 

 and using the fungicides named will be found at pages 98 to 102, volume 



Sooty Blight. This unsightly fungus particularly affects the Citrus 

 family, though it is found more or less upon various evergreen trees and 

 shrubs. It makes its appearance upon the excreta left by Scale insects 

 and Aphides, though many people are wrongly under the impression that 

 it is caused by Ants. This fungus is not specially hurtful to the trees, 

 though, as a matter of course, it and the material upon which it develops 

 injure the affected foliage by stopping the pores and impeding transpira- 

 tion. Remedies : The Sooty ]>light will gradually disappear from trees 

 if the insects that cause it are destroyed. By dusting powdered lime 

 over the affected trees after the cause has been removed, its disappearance 

 will be facilitated. 



DISEASES. 



Canker. Trees of the Citrus family frequently suffer from the 

 complaint known as Canker, a disease that assumes various forms. 

 Sometimes it affects the roots, at others the trunks, and frequently it is 

 confined to the branches. This disease may result from various causes 

 such as defective drainage, the use of strong forcing manures, or an over- 

 supply of water. It may be caused by drought or frost, as also by 

 deleterious matter in the soil. Any of these causes may affect the flow of 

 sap and induce Canker. Root Canker is often caused by rough 

 cultivation, and may also result from the action of insects or fungi 



