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piece of wood seems to lessen the risk of absolute failure. This method 

 of budding may also be practised late in the summer and autumn. Very 

 frequently this method will prove useful when the ordinary budding 

 has failed. The stocks used most generally are seedling Pears for 

 free-growing trees, and Quinces for dwarf-growing specimens. 

 Seedlings will, as a matter of course, vary considerably in habit, 

 but those raised from sorts that naturally make but a moderate growth 

 will be likely to give better stocks than plants obtained from very strong 

 kinds. Stocks doubtless have a material influence upon the varieties 

 worked upon them, and, consequently, their selection should receive 

 greater care from cultivators than it usually does. No rules for selection 

 can be laid down absolutely, as at present our knowledge as to the 

 influence of the stocks is too limited for positive conclusions to be arrived 

 at. Trees on Quinces are dwarfer in habit than those worked 

 upon free stocks, come to maturity sooner, and bear shifting better. 

 Some kinds that have naturally a tendency to rampant growth bear more 

 freely upon Quince stocks, and in others the flavour of the fruit is 

 improved. Dwarf trees also offer advantages in gathering the fruit and 

 pruning, and they are specially useful for small places where a good 

 collection is required upon a limited area. On the other hand, however, 

 growers must remember that trees worked upon Quince stocks will be much 

 shorter lived than others. Neither will they be able to withstand the effects 

 of severe droughts with such impunity as trees worked upon Pear stocks. 

 As regards the Quince for a stock there is, however, some uncertainty, 

 as though many varieties do very well upon it, yet it appears to be quite 

 obnoxious to others. In some cases, too, though the trees may grow 

 freely, yet the influence of the Quince stock deteriorates the quality of 

 the fruit. But, on the other hand, some varieties of Pears are improved 

 in quality when worked upon Quinces. When varieties refuse to thrive 

 upon Quince stocks or become deteriorated in quality, the difficulty may 

 be surmounted by what is known as double grafting. Under this system 

 kinds that are known to take well upon the Quince stocks are grafted 

 direct, and then other varieties are worked upon them. This practice is 

 now very generally adopted, and is usually successful in attaining the 

 object in view. Among the kinds that have proved specially suitable for 

 working direct upon the Quince are Beurre d'Amanlis, Bear re Diel, 

 Duchesse d'A ngoidemc, Easter Beurre, GJou Morceau, Louise Bonne oj 

 Jersey, and Vicar of Winkfidd. It is usual to graft the Quince low, as 

 the stem does not expand freely and increase proportionately with the 

 Pear worked upon it. Another mode of double grafting, which may 

 prove serviceable in certain cases, is to use Pear stocks, work them with 

 Quinces, and upon these again graft Pears. This practice has been 

 successfully adopted with over- vigorous stocks, and the modifications 

 resulting from the check caused by the sap passing through the Quince 

 wood has materially influenced the growth and fruitfulness of the trees. 

 We have yet a great deal to learn as to the effects of double, triple, and 

 even multiple grafting, and experiments in that direction may prove of 

 great value. When the effects of these methods are thoroughly understood, 

 it may be possible to have trees prepared to suit every variety of soil and 



